不同氮肥形态配比对烤烟含梗率及主要品质指标的影响
2021-08-16高旭罗维沈子奇王洪春杨杰胡东华
高旭 罗维 沈子奇 王洪春 杨杰 胡东华



摘 要:设置不同的铵态氮和硝态氮比例10∶0(N1)、7∶3(N2)、5∶5(N3)、3∶7(N4)、0∶10(N5)共5个处理,以当地习惯施肥为对照(CK),在四川会理烟区开展烤烟氮肥形态配比试验,探讨不同氮肥形态配比对烤烟含梗率及主要品质指标的影响。结果表明:处理N3(5∶5)产量和产值比对照分别高228.45kg/hm2和18630.15元/hm2,处理N4(3∶7)产量和产值比对照分别高115.8kg/hm2和10029元/hm2,N3和N4中部烟叶含梗率比对照分别低1.33和2.01个百分点,下部烟叶含梗率比对照分别低1.02和2.01个百分点;N3和N4对烟叶质量均无不良影响。由此可见,铵态氮和硝态氮配合施用表现优于单一氮肥形态,且以处理铵态氮∶硝态氮=5∶5和铵态氮∶硝态氮=3∶7表现较好。
关键词:烤烟;氮肥形态;含梗率;品质指标;影响
中图分类号 S572文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)07-0079-04
Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Stem Percentage and Main Quality Indexes of Flue Cured Tobacco
GAO Xu1,2 et al.
(1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;2Sichuan Tobacco Industrial Corporation, Chengdu 610017, China)
Abstract: The experiment was carried out in Huili tobacco growing area of Sichuan Province. Five treatments, including 10∶0(N1), 7∶3(N2), 5∶5(N3), 3∶7(N4), and 0∶10(N5), were used as control (CK). The results showed that: the yield and output value of N3 (5∶5) treatment were 228.45kg/hm2 and 18630.15 yuan/hm2 higher than the control, N4 (3∶7) yield and output value were 115.8kg/hm2 and 10029 yuan/hm2 higher than the control, the stem content of middle leaves of N3 and N4 were 1.33 and 2.01 percentage points lower than the control, and the stem content of lower leaves was 1.02 and 2.01 percentage points lower than that of the control, respectively; N3 and N4 had no adverse effect on the quality of tobacco leaves Ring. The combined application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was better than that of single nitrogen form, with the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen being 5∶5 and the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen being 3∶7.
Key words: Flue-cured tobacco; Nitrogen forms; Stem ratio; Quality indexes; Effect
煙草本身能够吸收各种不同形态的氮素,但植株吸收不同氮源时的途径、同化过程会影响植物体内的离子平衡[1]。一般来说,施用较高比例的硝态氮,烤烟早期生长更快,特别是从团棵到旺长期后,硝态氮施用比例较高的烟株长势明显旺于施用铵态氮的长势,且施用硝态氮的烤烟落黄更加迅速,烤后颜色橘黄,上等烟比例增加[2-4]。但硝态氮易被淋溶,在多雨烟区氮素淋失已成为了限制烤烟生长的主要因素。硝态氮被淋失较多,导致氮素不足,烤烟的正常生长发育受阻,内含物不足,产量降低,最终导致烟叶品质大大下降。而施用铵态氮的处理淋失较少,烤烟生长发育正常,产质量均较好[5]。研究表明[6,7],合理的氮肥形态配比主要是通过促进养分的吸收,协调烟株的碳氮代谢,从而提高烟叶产量和质量。……
