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双季鲜食玉米/花生宽幅间作生态高效栽培技术

2021-08-16张正孟维伟南镇武亓欣刘霞万书波

安徽农学通报 2021年7期

张正 孟维伟 南镇武 亓欣 刘霞 万书波

摘 要:该文分析了双季鲜食玉米/花生宽幅间作生态高效栽培的意义,阐述了其栽培的技术要点,包括播前准备、播种与覆膜、田间管理、收获与晾晒、秸秆还田与残膜清除等。该技术主要适用于山东省小麦、玉米两熟轮作区及其他相似区域。

关键词:鲜食玉米;花生;宽幅间作;生态高效;双季栽培

中图分类号 S513文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)07-0044-03

Ecological and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Wide Intercropping of Fresh Maize of Double Cropping and Peanut

ZHANG Zheng1 et al.

(1Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China)

Abstract: In this paper, the significance and technical points of ecologically efficient cultivation of double-season fresh corn and peanut wide-width intercropping were analyzed. This ecologically efficient cultivation technology includes preparation before sowing, sowing and mulching, field management, harvesting and drying, straw returning and residual film removal. This technology is mainly suitable for wheat and corn double cropping rotation area in Shandong Province, and other similar areas can also be used.

Key words: Fresh corn; Peanut; Wide intercropping; Ecological and efficient; Double-harvest cultivation

随着人们生活水平的逐渐提高,对鲜食玉米、花生的需求量越来越大。鲜食玉米是指以鲜嫩果穗为食用部位的玉米类型,主要包括甜玉米、糯玉米及甜糯玉米等[1,2]。鲜食玉米不仅食饲兼用,营养丰富,经济效益高,市场广阔,而且具有多种医疗保健功效,深受消费者的喜爱,近年来在山东省得到了较快发展[3]。花生是我国重要的油料作物、经济作物和出口创汇作物,种植面积居我国油料作物第2位,总产第1位,约占油料作物总产的50%[4,5]。

间作套种是运用群落的空间结构原理,以充分利用空间和资源为目的而发展起来的一种立体农业模式,是我国传统农业的精髓,在传统农业和现代农业中都做出了巨大贡献[6,7]。合理的间套作模式不仅能集约利用光、热、肥、水等自然资源,也是增加农田生物多样性的有效措施之一,能增强作物抵抗病虫害及抗倒伏能力,提高单位面积生产力[6-8]。与此同时,利用秸秆还田种植下茬作物,既能避免同种作物间的化感作用,还能缓解土地压力,是发展可持续农业的有效途径[9]。……

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