新疆双峰骆驼肉的加工适宜性
2021-08-13李青青杨丽傅樱花董静冀冬阳刘莹洁陈钢粮杨洁
李青青 杨丽 傅樱花 董静 冀冬阳 刘莹洁 陈钢粮 杨洁



摘 要:以新疆双峰骆驼肉为研究对象,测定后腿肉、臀部肉、前肩肉、腱子肉、背最长肌、里脊肉、前腿肉、排骨肉和脖子肉9 个部位肉的pH值、色度、失水率、系水力、嫩度、熟肉率以及肌肉组织学特性指标。结果表明:不同部位驼肉的pH值均在正常范围内,腱子肉与排骨肉的色度显著高于其他部位(P<0.05);不同部位肉间失水率、系水力和嫩度均存在差异,脖子肉失水率最低、系水力最高,里脊肉嫩度最佳。肌肉组织学特性结果表明,前腿肉的肌纤维直径和横截面积最小、密度最大,肌肉纹理细腻。新疆双峰骆驼肉具有较好的食用品质,颜色较牛、羊肉更为鲜红,保水性和蒸煮出品率略低于单峰驼肉和马肉,嫩度优于羊肉,不同部位肉间的品质特性有差异。
关键词:新疆双峰驼;不同部位肉;加工适宜性;肌肉组织学特异性
Processing Suitability of Different Meat Cuts from Bactrian Camels Reared in Xinjiang
LI Qingqing1, YANG Li1, FU Yinghua1, DONG Jing2, JI Dongyang1, LIU Yingjie1, CHEN Gangliang2, YANG Jie1,*
(1. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, ?rümqi 830046, China;
2. Xinjiang Wangyuan Biotechnology Group Co. Ltd., Altay 836500, China)
Abstract: Nine meat cuts from bactrian camels reared in Xinjiang including hind leg, hip, fore shoulder, tendon, Longissimus dorsi, tenderloin, foreleg, chop and neck were taken for determination of pH, color, water loss rate, water-holding capacity, tenderness and cooked meat percentage as well as for muscle histological observation. The results showed that the pH of all samples was in the normal range, and the chroma of the tendon and chop meat was significantly higher than that of the other cuts (P < 0.05). In addition, there were differences in water loss rate, water-holding capacity and tenderness between cuts. The neck meat exhibited the lowest water loss rate and highest water-holding capacity, while the tenderloin was the tenderest cut. Histological results indicated that the muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of the foreleg were the smallest, the muscle fiber density was the largest, and the muscle texture was fine. Overall, bactrian camel meat had good eating quality. Its red color was brighter than that of beef and mutton, its water-holding capacity and cooking yield were slightly lower than those of dromedary camel meat and horsemeat, and bactrian camel meat was tenderer than mutton. The quality characteristics of different meat cuts from bactrian camels were different from each other.
Keywords: bactrian camels reared in Xinjiang; different meat cuts; processing suitability; muscle histological properties
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-053
中圖分类号:TS251.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)04-0001-06
引文格式:
李青青, 杨丽, 傅樱花, 等. 新疆双峰骆驼肉的加工适宜性[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(4): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-053. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
LI Qingqing, YANG Li, FU Yinghua, et al. Processing suitability of different meat cuts from bactrian camels reared in Xinjiang[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(4): 1-6. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-053. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
中国是世界上双峰驼的主要产地之一,新疆约占全国双峰驼总数的一半,主要分布于新疆准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地边缘以及天山南北坡的荒漠草场地带。骆驼具有独特的生存和繁殖能力,在应对高温、干旱缺水和食物稀缺等极端环境条件时有很强的耐受性[1]。因此,在干旱、半干旱等动物生产效率较低的地区,骆驼是一种良好的肉类来源[2]。随着人口的增长,人们对肉类和肉制品需求增加,迫切需要寻找未充分利用的红肉资源,而骆驼肉恰好是适宜且易获取的选择之一[3]。尽管骆驼肉在世界红肉市场的占有率较低,但其生产和消费增长速度快于牛肉和羊肉,在饲养骆驼的干旱国家其消费量可占红肉消费总量的2.5%,在海湾国家占比可达30%,在西撒哈拉等地区占比甚至高达66%[4]。
目前,已有大量关于骆驼肉品质的报道[3,5-7],与其他红肉相比,骆驼肉中含有较低水平的脂肪和胆固醇以及相对含量较高的维生素(特别是VB复合物)、矿物质和多不饱和脂肪酸,在传统医学中常用于治疗高血压、肺炎和呼吸系统疾病。……
