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北京油鸡遗传育种与品质研究进展

2021-08-13赵灵改吕学泽刘毅王梁杨卫芳秦琛强李兴民

肉类研究 2021年4期

赵灵改 吕学泽 刘毅 王梁 杨卫芳 秦琛强 李兴民

摘 要:北京油鸡是北京地区特有的肉蛋兼用型鸡种,距今已有300余年历史,以外形独特、肉质鲜嫩、肉香浓郁而著称,是我国优质的地方鸡种,2020年获得国家农产品地理标志登记证书。本文主要从北京油鸡遗传育种、影响北京油鸡屠宰性能及肉质的因素、鸡肉风味物质研究及鸡蛋品质研究等方面进行综述,以期为北京油鸡的规模化养殖、鸡肉品质控制及产品开发提供一定的理论参考。

关键词:北京油鸡;遗传育种;肉质;风味;品质

Recent Progress in Genetic Breeding and Quality Evaluation of Beijing You Chicken

ZHAO Linggai1, L? Xueze2, LIU Yi1, WANG Liang2, YANG Weifang2, QIN Chenqiang1, LI Xingmin1,*

(1.College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;

2.Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100101, China)

Abstract: With a history of more than 300 years, Beijing You chicken is a dual-purpose chicken breed for both meat and egg production, originating from Beijing. It is famous for its unique appearance, fresh and tender meat and strong meat flavor. As a local breed of high quality chicken in China, it has obtained a certificate of registration for agro-product geographical indication in 2020. In order to provide a theoretical reference for large-scale farming, meat quality control and product development of Beijing You chicken, this paper summarizes recent progress in the genetic breeding of Beijing You chicken, understanding the factors affecting the slaughter performance and meat quality, and the study of the meat flavor substances and egg quality.

Keywords: Beijing You chicken; genetic breeding; meat quality; flavor; quality

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210323-077

中圖分类号:TS251.1                                       文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)04-0057-07

引文格式:

赵灵改, 吕学泽, 刘毅, 等. 北京油鸡遗传育种与品质研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(4): 57-63. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210323-077.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

ZHAO Linggai, L? Xueze, LIU Yi, et al. Recent progress in genetic breeding and quality evaluation of Beijing You chicken[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(4): 57-63. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210323-077.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

北京油鸡又名“中华宫廷黄鸡”,距今已有300余年历史,原产于北京城北侧安定门和德胜门外近郊一带,以外形独特、肉味鲜美而著称,是我国优质的地方鸡种[1]。

2000年北京油鸡被列入国家级畜禽品种资源保护名录[2],2001年北京油鸡被列为国家级畜禽品种资源重点保护品种,2020年北京油鸡成为继“北京鸭”之后,第2个获得国家农产品地理标志登记证书的畜禽产品[3]。北京油鸡曾一度濒临灭绝,在20世纪70年代以后,经过中国农业科学院等科研单位从民间搜集种蛋,经过孵化、饲养、提纯、繁育等工作,形成了具有一定规模、外观和性能一致性良好的群体,使得北京油鸡这一品种得以保留[4]。北京油鸡经过长期选育而成,遗传性能比较稳定[5],通常将“三羽”(凤头、毛腿和胡子嘴)及“五趾”作为北京油鸡的主要特征[6]。……

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