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宰前、屠宰及加工过程对冷鲜猪肉保水性影响研究进展

2021-08-13李晓敏黎琪孙玉丽檀馨悦王晴张忠鑫张晓琳

肉类研究 2021年4期

李晓敏 黎琪 孙玉丽 檀馨悦 王晴 张忠鑫 张晓琳

摘 要:冷鲜猪肉的保水性作为影响产品品质的重要因素,对企业经济效益具有重要意义。影响冷鲜猪肉保水性的因素很多,本文主要从生猪饲料营养、宰前管理、屠宰和冷却工艺等环节进行分析,综述国内外学者的研究成果,从而为冷鲜猪肉保水性的增加、生产工艺优化、关键点有效控制及安全、优质猪肉产品的生产提供理论依据。

关键词:冷鲜猪肉;保水性;饲料营养;宰前管理;屠宰工艺

A Review of Recent Progress in Understanding the Effects of Pre-Slaughter Handling, Slaughter and Processing on Water-Holding Capacity of Chilled Pork

LI Xiaomin1, LI Qi1, SUN Yuli2, TAN Xinyue1, WANG Qing1, ZHANG Zhongxin2, ZHANG Xiaolin1,2,*

(1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health and Food Safety, COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd.,

Beijing 102209, China; 2.Beijing Engineering Research Center of Livestock Products Quality and Safety Source Control,

COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 102209, China)

Abstract: As an important factor affecting the product quality, the water-holding capacity of chilled pork is of great economic significance to the enterprises. There are many factors known to affect the water-holding capacity of chilled pork. This paper summarizes the factors in pig feed nutrition, pre-slaughter management, slaughter and post-slaughter chilling reported to affect the water-holding capacity of pork in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the water-holding capacity of chilled pork, optimizing the pork production process, controlling the critical points and manufacturing quality pork products.

Keywords: chilled pork; water-holding capacity; feed nutrition; pre-slaughter management; slaughter process

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-055

中图分类号:TS251.1                                        文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)04-0064-07

引文格式:

李晓敏, 黎琪, 孙玉丽, 等. 宰前、屠宰及加工过程对冷鲜猪肉保水性的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(4): 64-70. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-055.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

LI Xiaomin, LI Qi, SUN Yuli, et al. A review of recent progress in understanding the effects of pre-slaughter handling, slaughter and processing on water-holding capacity of chilled pork[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(4): 64-70. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210305-055.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

随着市场消费升级和消费者认知加深,冷鲜肉因其高安全性、高营养价值、高感官品质和明确的保质期标识被更多人所接受,销量也逐步扩大,占肉类生产总量的30%以上[1]。通常冷鲜肉的食用品质和卫生品质是决定消费者是否购买的关键因素,食用品质包括营养、色泽、香气、滋味、嫩度、多汁性和咀嚼性等,易受生猪品种、肌间脂肪分布、pH值和保水性等诸多因素影响,其中保水性不仅对食用品质影响较大,更具有显著的经济意义[2]。

保水性又称保水力、系水力或持水力,是指当肌肉受到外力作用(如加压、切碎、磨绞、加热、冷冻、解冻、贮运或加工等)时,保持原有水分与添加水分的能力。保水性差表现为在外力作用下从肌肉蛋白质系统释放出的液体较多。保水性的传统测定方法包括压力法、离心法、毛细管法、滴水损失法、膨胀法、水浴法和腌制法等,滴水损失法是国际上猪肉保水性常用的测定方法[3],目前已有基于传统方法開发标准化检测仪器的研究[4]。……

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