屈雅琴 张天海 温颜华 资兰 蔡黎明

摘 要：从用户需求出发，探索用户对随弃式个人防护口罩的审美需求，提升用户的使用情感体验。应用Kano模型和语义差分法划分用户需求属性并通过实验分析用户感性意象与设计要素之间的关系，提取符合用户感性意象需求的设计特征及规律。研究发现，用户的审美需求为魅力型需求屬性;从审美需求的形态与色彩感性意象研究中得出，用户对随弃式个人防护口罩的形态感性意象为“自然的”和“美观的”，对应平面式和立体纵向折叠式口罩样本，这两种口罩在造型上均体现出视觉上的整体性和轮廓线条的自然性特征;用户对个人防护口罩的色彩感性意象为“温暖的”、“柔软的”、“轻薄的”、“轻松的”，对应色彩亮度为90%与50%的红色、红黄色、绿青色、青色样本。通过用户需求属性划分有针对性地对某些设计需求进行研究，有助于企业和设计师优化设计方向，节省开发成本，设计出满足用户情感需求的产品。

关键词：审美需求;防护口罩;Kano模型;语义差分法

中图分类号： TS941

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）04-0034-09

Abstract： Based on user demands， this research explored the user's aesthetic demands for disposable personal protective masks to enhance user's emotional experience. The Kano model and the semantic difference methods were used to divide user's demand attributes. Experiments were done to analyze the relationship between the user's perceptual image and design elements， and the design features and rules that meet user's perceptual image demands were extracted. It is found that user's aesthetic demand is the attractive requirements attribute. According to the research on the form of aesthetic demand and color perceptual image， the user's form perceptual image for the disposable personal protective masks is 'natural' and 'beautiful'， corresponding to the flat and three-dimensional longitudinal folding masks. Both of these masks reflect the visual integrity and the natural characteristics of contour lines in their shapes. The user's color perceptual image is "warm"， "soft"， "light" and "relaxing"， corresponding to the color brightness of 90% and 50% of red， red-yellow， green-cyan， and cyan samples. The targeted research on some design requirements through user's demand attribute division helps enterprises and designers optimize the design direction， save development costs， and design products that meet the emotional demands of users.

Key words： aesthetic demands， protective mask， Kano model， semantic difference method

随弃式个人防护口罩是指可以捕集烟、雾、尘等颗粒物，主要由滤料构成面罩主体的不可拆卸的半面罩，可设呼气阀[1]，用于个人抵御户外及室内公共场所雾霾、飞沫、传染性病菌、二手烟、花粉等有害物质的呼吸防护用品[2]。口罩正式用于个人防护始于14世纪，当时黑死病蔓延，患病后死亡率极高，医生在处理死者尸体时，为了隔绝尸体的腐臭，采用麻布和棉布遮掩口鼻，这就是现代口罩的雏形[3]。……