郝芬 唐敬淋 杜金梅 许长海

摘 要：为解决常规分散染料染涤纶中低聚物析出、染色重现性差、费水费电等一系列问题，耐碱分散染料及相应碱性染色工艺得以关注，利用染料的耐碱性，将前处理与染色一浴进行，并通过织物K/S值、色差来表征染色效果。本文探讨了耐碱分散染料的发展与应用，阐述了分散染料碱性染色存在的问题及发展现状。耐碱分散染料及碱性染色技术的应用，不仅使得涤纶染色产品的质量获得改善，在经济、环保方面也取得了一定的效益。因此，耐碱分散染料及碱性染色技术是涤纶染色发展的新方向。

关键词：耐碱分散染料;碱性染色;涤纶;染色重现性;低聚物

中图分类号： TS193.5

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）04-0102-05

Abstract： In order to solve problems of conventional polyester dyeing such as precipitation of oligomers， poor dyeing reproducibility， water and electricity consumption， alkali-resistant disperse dyes and corresponding alkaline dyeing processes have been concerned. The pretreatment and the dyeing process were carried out in one bath by utilizing the alkali resistance of the dyes， and the dyeing performance was characterized by the K/S value and the color difference. The development and application of alkali-resistant disperse dyes were mainly discussed， and the problems and development of these dyes were described. The application of alkali-resistant disperse dyes and alkaline dyeing technology not just improved the quality of polyester dyed products， but also achieved certain benefits in terms of economy and environmental protection. Hence， alkali-resistant disperse dyes and alkaline dyeing technology are new development directions of polyester dyeing.

Key words： alkali-resistant disperse dye; alkaline dyeing; polyester; dyeing reproducibility; oligomer

近幾年，由于涤纶产值逐年增加，与涤纶息息相关的分散染料特别是耐碱分散染料成为科研工作者的关注热点[1]。涤纶织物在碱性条件下染色后具备了目标颜色，可获得仿真丝效果。本文对国内外耐碱分散染料的研究成果进行如下介绍。

1 耐碱分散染料的开发背景

分散染料水溶性极差，一般染浴中的分散染料以单分子、悬浮颗粒及分散剂胶束中3种状态的形式存在。分散染料要溶解成单分子后才能上染纤维。在染色过程中，悬浮颗粒及分散剂胶束中的染料会不断释放出染料分子以维持染料的溶解、吸附、扩散3个染色阶段的动态平衡。在这几个平衡中，染料最终由染液转移到纤维[2]。实际染色时，所用染料及助剂难以全部作用于纤维，未固着的染料及染液其他组分会以废液形式排放，导致COD值和BOD值升高[3]。……