马铃薯片干燥工艺及品质研究
2021-08-06刘丽徐洪岩张明爽于倩倩
刘丽 徐洪岩 张明爽 于倩倩



摘要 以尤金品种马铃薯为试验材料,通过单因素试验得出最佳的熟化方法,并对马铃薯干片传统加工方法及加工工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,最佳的熟化方法是热水漂烫,达到所需熟化程度需6 min,马铃薯片最适厚度为0.5 cm,40、50、60、70、80 ℃干燥温度下,马铃薯片的干燥时间分别为9、8、8、6、6 h。优化方法比传统方法更节省干燥前的加工时间和人工成本,2种方法所需的干燥时间相同,漂烫熟化法的营养损失量略高于蒸制熟化法。
关键词 马铃薯干片;传统工艺;优化工艺;热风干燥;品质
中图分类号 TS-255 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)13-0190-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.048
開放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Study on Drying Technology and Quality Test of Potato Slices
LIU Li, XU Hong yan, ZHANG Ming shuang et al
(Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Keshan, Heilongjiang 161606)
Abstract With Eugene potato as the test material, the optimal processing parameters of mature method was obtained through a single factor experiment, and the parameters of the traditional processing method and processing parameters of potato dry chips were optimized.The result showed that the optimal processing parameters of mature method was blanching with boiling water, and the required time for the mature was 6 minutes. The optimum thickness of potato slices was 0.5 cm. The drying time of potato chips was 9 h, 8 h, 8 h, 6 h and 6 h respectively at 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and 80 ℃.The optimized method saved more processing time and labor cost before drying than the traditional method. The drying time required by the two methods was the same, and the nutrient loss of water cooking method was slightly higher than that of steaming method.
Key words Dried potato slices;Traditional technology;Optimized technology;Hot air drying;Quality
马铃薯营养丰富,粮菜兼用。在种植方面,马铃薯的适应性强,对环境要求低,耐干旱贫瘠,产量高,因此在世界范围内广泛种植[1-3],与麦、稻、玉米、高粱并称世界五大粮食作物[4-7]。在存储方面,马铃薯产量巨大,但由于马铃薯块茎含水量高、易发芽、难储存的特点,导致马铃薯货架期短,极易腐烂,很难运输和长期储藏。鲜食马铃薯在时间上具有局限性,往往在收获季节过后,会有大量马铃薯库存,增加了种植和销售风险,降低了收益。据统计,秋冬马铃薯的贮存损失率在5%~15%,相当于损失66.67万hm2左右的年产出。从而制约了马铃薯的种植面积和推广范围。
我国马铃薯近50%的产量进行留种、鲜食和饲用,5%用于出口,只有约14%用于加工淀粉、粉条、全粉、薯条薯片等[8]。美国马铃薯的消耗量占总产量的76%,加上加工淀粉、饲料和酒精的消耗,总加工量可达85%左右[9-10]。……
