龚凤萍 竹玮 段庆虎 上官端琳 易红岩 冉忠萍 张应香 申进文

摘    要：利用棉籽壳发酵后熟化技术，通过单袋横放覆土、横切1/2菌袋直立覆土、双排横放顶端覆土及单排墙式（对照）等出菇方式栽培平菇，研究不同出菇方式对平菇农艺性状的影响。结果表明，不同出菇方式影响平菇子实体外形，单袋横放覆土和横切1/2菌袋直立覆土，子实体喇叭状，双排横放顶端覆土和单排墙式，子实体覆瓦状;试验组平菇产量均显著高于对照组，且子实体香气浓郁、口感好，管理更加省工、省水。

关键词：平菇;棉籽壳;产量;出菇方式;比较

中图分类号：S646.1+4         文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.06.004

Comparative Experiment on Different Ways of Producing Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated in Cotton Seed Hull

GONG Fengping1， ZHU Wei1， DUAN Qinghu1， SHANGGUAN Duanlin1， YI Hongyan1， RAN Zhongping1， ZHANG Yingxiang1，SHEN Jinwen2

（1.Academy of Agricultural Science of Xinyang， Xinyang，Henan 464000，China; 2. College of Life Science，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou， Henan 450002，China）

Abstract：By the treatment of high temperature short time after fermentation， the cotton seed hull was used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus. Different methods of fruiting body germination such as cover the soil on the single across fungus bag，cover the soil on the cross-cutting 1/2 up-right fungus bag，cover the soil on the top of the across fungus bay and wall like single row（control）were compared to study the effect on the agronomic traits. The results showed that the appearance of the fruiting bodies changed as methods of fruiting body germination.The fruiting bodied were trumpet-shaped result of covering soil on the single across fungus bag and the cross-cutting 1/2 up-right fungus bag while the fruiting bodies were tile-shaped result of covering the soil on the top of the across fungus bay and wall like single row. The yield of Pleurotus ostreatus in experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the control group while the fruiting body had strong aroma and good taste and labor-saving and water-saving.

Key words： Pleurotus ostreatus; cotton seed hull; yield; methods of fruiting body germination; Comparative

平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus），又名蠔菇、蠔菌，侧耳科、侧耳属。我国是认识平菇最早的国家，早在南宋时期陈玉卓在《菌谱》中提到的“天花蕈”即是现在的平菇[1]。平菇是我国栽培面积较大的食用菌，尤其是河南省平菇栽培面积，自2003年起连续十几年位居全国第一，2021年河南省平菇年产量达110万t。根据原材料处理方式可把平菇栽培分类为发酵料、熟料和发酵后轻度熟化的半熟料处理等[2]。平菇栽培具有原料广泛的特点，目前栽培原料有棉籽壳、玉米芯、大豆秸秆、木屑等[3]农林废弃物。豫南地区栽培平菇多以棉籽壳为主，豫北因是玉米产区玉米芯售价低、原料易于取得，普遍采用玉米芯栽培平菇。不同栽培原料营养成分不同，对平菇产量、品质有不同影响[4-5]。申进文等[3]认为，棉籽壳栽培平菇总糖含量较玉米芯等培养料高。李峰等[6]认为玉米芯栽培平菇在出菇后期存在菇质韧性差、易碎、抗病性差问题，特别是易感染胡桃肉状菌，严重影响菇产量和品质。……