于晓秋 武嘉慧

摘    要：利用层次分析法对黑龙江省玉米质量安全的主要影响因素进行评价研究。首先，利用黑龙江省2014—2019年统计数据了解黑龙江玉米质量安全现状，并结合专家意见及文献研究整理出有关于黑龙江省玉米质量安全的影响因素，以此建立鱼骨模型进行影响因素分析。其次，依据四方面影响因素构建出黑龙江省玉米质量安全评价指标体系，通过专家打分，利用yaahp层次分析软件对各指标进行权重赋值，并对评价结果进行分析。结果表明：重要程度从高到低分别为种植>储存>加工>销售;四环节中最重要的影响因素为农药使用量、微生物污染、原粮杂质量、销售过程监管。最后，依据四环节中主要影响因素提出提高黑龙江省玉米质量安全水平的建议。

关键词：玉米;质量安全;影响因素;层次分析

中图分类号：S513         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.06.009

Study on Main Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Maize Quality and Safety in Heilongjiang Province

WU Jiahui1， YU Xiaoqiu2

（1. School of Economics and Management， Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University， Daqing， Heilongjiang 163319，China; 2.School of Science， Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University， Daqing， Heilongjiang 163319，China）

Abstract： In this paper， analytic hierarchy process was used to evaluate the main influencing factors of corn quality and safety in Heilongjiang Province. Firstly， the statistical data of Heilongjiang Province from 2014 to 2019 were used to understand the current situation of corn quality and safety in Heilongjiang Province， and the influencing factors of corn quality and safety in Heilongjiang Province were sorted out by combining expert opinions and literature research， and then a fishbone model was established to analyze the influencing factors. Secondly， the evaluation index system of corn quality and safety in Heilongjiang Province was constructed according to the four influencing factors. After scoring by experts， each index was weighted by yaahp analytic hierarchy process software， and the evaluation results were analyzed. The results showed that the importance degree from high to low was planting > storage > processing > sales; the most important influencing factors in the four links were pesticide consumption， microbial pollution， quality of raw grain and miscellaneous food， and supervision of sales process. Finally， according to the main influencing factors of the four links， some suggestions were put forward to improve the quality and safety level of corn in Heilongjiang Province.

Key words： corn;quality and safety; influencing factors; level analysis

2017年国家启动实施的“优质粮食工程”[1]，在2018年被列入國家乡村振兴战略规划质量兴农重大工程[2]，并在2019年和2020年连续两年写入中央一号文件[3-4]。为推进我国粮食质量安全健康发展提供了方向和支持。2019年中央一号文件提到要“稳定玉米生产，确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”[8]。可见，保障我国粮食质量安全不仅是实现国家粮食安全的内在要求，也是适应消费升级的必然选择。

粮食质量安全是粮食安全的重要组成部分，是对粮食安全更高的要求[5]。对于粮食质量安全的涵义，学者们有着不同的理解。马莺和崔杰[6]指出，粮食质量安全是指从生产或提供的粮食制品中获得质量安全的食物，以满足其正常生理和心理需要。王国敏[7]……