叶清华 王威 谢倩 陈清西

摘  要：探究橄榄种子休眠生理与层积对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效应，为橄榄及其他核果类果树种子休眠生理研究和种苗繁育提供参考。以未层积种子（层积0 d）为对照，对橄榄种子进行不同时间（每10 d一处理，共10个处理）的层积处理，研究橄榄种子在层积过程中營养物质、激素水平等生理生化变化，以及不同层积时间种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：层积处理缩短了橄榄种子发芽启动时间，对橄榄种子萌发均有促进作用。层积90 d和100 d的橄榄种子发芽率最高，均为82.22%，比CK种子（53.33%）高54.17%，发芽指数也显著高于其他处理时间，层积100 d的橄榄种子发芽指数是CK的8.5倍（P<0.05）。层积能提高橄榄幼苗地上部生物量，以90、100 d处理的橄榄幼苗生长最好。橄榄种子的主要营养贮藏物质是粗脂肪（70.85%～81.67%），在层积过程中呈先升后降的趋势。新鲜橄榄种子（CK）中ABA含量较高（16.64 ng/g），而GA3未检测到。随层积时间延长，ABA与SA含量快速下降，GA3含量增加，IAA/ABA升高，利于种子休眠解除。层积处理橄榄种子有利于其营养物质达到萌发所需水平，加快内源激素变化，促进种子发芽和幼苗地上部生长，以层积90～100 d最佳。

关键词：橄榄;层积;内源激素;营养物质;休眠;发芽

中图分类号：Q945.35;S667.5      文献标识码：A

Dormancy Physiology and Stratification Effects of Chinese Olive [Canarium album （Lour.） Raeusch.] Seeds

YE Qinghua， WANG Wei， XIE Qian， CHEN Qingxi

College of Horticulture， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China

Abstract： The objective of the work was to explore the dormancy physiological of Chinese olive [Canarium album （Lour.） Raeusch.] seeds and the effects of stratification on seed germination and seedling growth， and to provide references for seed physiology research and seedling breeding of Chinese olive and other stone fruit trees. Unstratified seeds （stratified for 0 d） were used as the control （CK）， and the relevant indicators of the seeds with different stratification treatments （every 10 days as a treatment， a total of 10 treatments） were determined to study the physiological and biochemical changes of nutrients， hormone levels， the germination， and seedling growth. Results showed that the stratification treatment could shorten the initiation time of germination， different stratification treatments promoted the germination of Chinese olive seed. The germination rate of the stratified seeds was significantly higher than that of the unstratified （CK） seeds. The germination rate of the Chinese olive seeds with 90 d and 100 d stratification was the highest （82.22%）， which was 54.17% higher than that of CK （53.33%）. The germination index of 90 d and 100 d stratification was also significantly higher than that of other treatments. The germination index of stratified for 100 d was 8.5 times that of the CK seeds （P<0.05）. By considering the growth of the Chinese olive seedlings， the stratification treatment could improve the biomass of the aboveground part. The Chinese olive seedlings with 90 d and 100 d stratification treatment grew best. The main nutrient storage substance of Chinese olive seed was crude fat （70.85%～81.67%）， which tended to rise first and then fall during the stratification process. ABA content in the fresh Chinese olive seed was the highest （16.64 ng/g）， while GA3 was not detected. With the prolongation of the stratification time， the content of ABA and SA decreased rapidly， while the GA3 content and IAA/ABA increased， which was beneficial to the release from seed dormancy. As a result， stratification is advantageous for Chinese olive seeds to reach the required nutritional level for germination， accelerate endogenous hormone changes， promote seed germination and aboveground part growth of seedlings， and 90～100 days stratification treatment for C.album is the best solution for practical seedling breeding.

Keywords： Chinese olive [Canarium album （Lour.） Raeusch.]; stratification; endogenous hormone; nutrient substance; dormancy; germination

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.020

橄欖[Canarium album （Lour.） Raeusch.]为分布于热带、亚热带地区的常绿果树[1-2]，果实富含酚类化合物和萜类物质，在抗氧化、清除自由基、抑菌、抗病毒方面作用显著[3-5]。目前，橄榄砧木培育多为实生繁育，种子存在明显的休眠期，生产上通常采用橄榄果实自然腐烂或对种子进行层积处理，破除休眠。研究表明，未层积或置于自然通风处的橄榄种子出苗率仅为36.3%和4.5%，自然腐烂或层积后的橄榄种子发芽率可达76.7%和69.3%[6-7]。橄榄种子存在发芽率低，对脱水敏感，幼苗出苗时间不一致、长势参差不齐等问题[7]，极大地限制了橄榄的种苗繁育和品种选育进程。

种子休眠是植物在长期进化中形成的一种生态适应性，但在生产上却降低了种子的利……