余成华 朱春艳 段绍凤 杨秋雄 韩俊 梁艳丽

摘  要：通过对滇龙胆的开花物候与交配系统进行观测，统计不同处理的结实率和结籽率，分析滇龙胆开花物候与交配系统等繁育特征。结果表明：滇龙胆花期在10月中旬至12月中旬，单花花期持续17～19 d，单个花序花期可持续33～37 d，单株水平花期可持续8周，群体水平开花期持续时间为60 d以上，具有雌雄异位和雌雄异熟特征。滇龙胆杂交指数（OCI）值为5，花粉-胚珠比（P/O）值集中于（582.8±441.2）～（140 5.8±550.8）之间，结合人工授粉套袋试验结果，证实滇龙胆的繁育系统类型为兼性异交型，部分自交亲和，需要传粉者，不存在无融合生殖。自然状态下结实率较高，通过人工补充授粉，可显著提高滇龙胆结实率。

关键词：滇龙胆;杂交指数;交配系统;花粉胚珠比;开花物候

中图分类号：S184      文献标识码：A

Flowering Phenology and Mating System of Gentiana rigescens

YU Chenghua1，2，3， ZHU Chunyan1，2，3， DUAN Shaofeng1，2，3， YANG Qiuxiong1，2，3， HAN Jun2，3，

LIANG Yanli1，2，3

1. Yunnan Agricultural University， National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest / Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China; 2. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medici Plant Biology， Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China; 3. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China

Abstract： Through the observation of the flowering phenology and mating system of Gentiana rigescens， the seed setting rate and seed setting rate of different treatments were counted. The influence of flowering phenology and mating system on breeding was analyzed. The results showed that the florescence was from mid- October to the end of November， the florescence of inflorescence lasted for 33～37 days， the florescence of single flower lasted for 17～19 days， the florescence of single plant lasted for 8 weeks， and the florescence of population lasted for more than 60 days. The pollen was most active within 2～3 days of opening， and the stigma was inactive. The stamens developed completely and the pistils continued to grow after opening. The outcrossing index （OCI） was 5， which belonging to the heterozygous type. Some of them were self-compatible and pollination needed. The pollen ovule ratio （P/O） was between 582.8441.2 and 1405.8550.8. The breeding system belonged to the facultative heterozygous type. The seed setting rate was higher in the natural state， and there was asexual propagation. The seed setting rate could be significantly increased by artificial pollination.

Keywords： Gentiana rigescens; hybridization index; mating system; pollen-ovule ratio; flowering phenology

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.019

高山地區是植物生长的极端环境之一，高山植物繁殖过程面临许多挑战，低温、传粉限制、水和光照等都会影响其繁殖[1]，相对于其他植物，高山植物需要面对更加恶劣的气候环境，植物需要更加顽强的适应机制来适应高山环境才能成功生存和繁殖。因此，高山植物的繁殖策略受到广泛关注。有性生殖是有花植物繁衍的最重要方式。而开花时间即开花物候，因对植物授粉程度、传粉者的访花行为以及雌雄适合度等的影响，对植物繁殖交配的成功产生重要影响[2]。开花物候与环境条件之间的相互作用直接影响着植物交配系统[3]，如开花太早或太晚均会因为缺少有效的传粉者而不能有效结实。……