黄尚书 钟义军 黄欠如 叶川 何绍浪 张昆 成艳红 吴艳

摘  要：為明确红壤坡耕地的合理耕层厚度。以红壤坡耕地耕层土壤填充方式构建10、20、30、40、50 cm 5个耕层厚度，模拟土壤理化性质等相同条件下不同耕层厚度对根系生长特征和花生单株产量的影响，并分析作物产量与耕层厚度的相关性，探讨增加耕层厚度下花生的增产潜力。结果表明：（1）不同耕层厚度对花生各生育期主根根长及开花下针期和成熟期根系生物量、根系活力影响显著（P<0.05）;耕层厚度为30 cm可以保证花生根系生长和根系生物量形成所需的纵向空间，并维持根系活力在较高的水平。（2）不同耕层厚度对花生单株产量影响显著（P<0.05），花生单株产量随着耕层厚度的增加呈现先增长后稳定的趋势。（3）整个生育期主根根长与花生单株产量相关性呈极显著线性关系（P<0.01）;开花下针期和成熟期花生根系活力、根系生物量与花生单株产量呈极显著相关（P<0.01）;说明耕层厚度可以通过影响花生根系发育进而影响产量的形成。（4）米氏方程符合花生单株产量与耕层厚度的关系（P<0.01，R2=0.8097），30 cm的耕层厚度可以保证花生产量较高，进一步增加耕层厚花生的增产潜力较小（<5%）。

关键词：根系生长特征;作物产量;红壤坡耕地;耕层厚度;模拟

中图分类号：S513      文献标识码：A

Simulation of Reasonable Plough Lyer Thickness of Red Soil Sloping Land Based on Root Growth Characteristics and Crop Yield

HUANG Shangshu1， ZHONG Yijun1， HUANG Qianru1， YE Chuan2， HE Shaolang1， ZHNAG Kun1，

CHENG Yanhong1， WU Yan1

1. Red Soil Institute of Jiangxi Province， Nanchang， Jiangxi 330046， China; 2. Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Institute， Nanchang， Jiangxi 330043， China

Abstract： In order to make clear the reasonable cultivated layer thickness of red soil sloping land， a study was constructed on plough layer thickness of 10 cm， 20 cm， 30 cm， 40 cm and 50 cm by the method of filling plough layer soil of red soil sloping land， the effects of different plough layer thickness on root growth characteristics and peanut yield per plant were analyzed under the same conditions of soil physical and chemical properties， and the potential of peanut yield increase was discussed by establishing the relationship between crop yield and plough layer thickness. The effect of different thickness of plough layer on the root length of main root at different growth stages， root biomass and root activity of peanut at the period except seedling stage were significant （P<0.05）. The plough layer thickness of 30 cm could ensure the vertical space for root growth and root biomass formation of peanut， and maintain the root activity of peanut at a higher level. The effect of different plough layer thickness on peanut yield per plant was significant （P<0.05）， and the yield per plant of peanut increased first and then stabilized with the increase of the thickness of plough layer. There was a very significant linear relationship between the main root length and peanut yield per plant at different growth stages （P<0.01） and a very significant correlation between peanut root activity， root biomass and peanut yield per plant at the period except seedling stage （P<0.05）， showing that the plough layer thickness could affect the root development of peanut and then affect the formation of yield. The relationship between peanut yield per plant and plough layer thickness was fitted by Michaelis equation （R2=0.8097， P<0.01）. The plough layer thickness of 30 cm could ensure a higher peanut yield， and further increase of the layer thickness had a smaller yield potential （<5%）. In this study， the reasonable plough layer thickness of red soil sloping land under the same conditions is defined， which has important guiding significance for the construction of reasonable plough layer.

Keywords： root growth characteristics; crop yield; red soil sloping land; plough layer thickness; simulation

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.018

红壤坡耕地占南方红壤区旱地面积的70%，是重要的土地资源，也是山丘区群众赖以生存的基本生产用地[1]。区域丰富的水热资源使红壤坡耕地农业生产和经济发展潜力巨大，在全国农业可持续发展战略中占有举足轻重的地位。受自然条件和人为因素的影响，红壤坡耕地耕层浅薄问题突出，加之降雨分配不均及伏秋干旱频繁使红壤坡耕地耕层在雨季水分难以保蓄、旱季下层水分上行运动不畅，造成农作物根系对水分、养分的利用受限，使其生产潜力难以充分发挥。因此，探讨红壤坡耕地耕层厚度对作物生长发育的影响并明确合理的耕层厚度，对如何构建红坡耕地良好耕层、促进其高效持续利用具有重要的实际生产价值。相关学者模拟气候[2]、土壤水热状况[3]等变化对作物生长发育的影响，对构建作物良好生长环境提供了科学依据，而模拟耕层厚度对作物产量及生长的影响较少，一般通过调查建立耕层厚度与作物生长指标的关系进行研究[4-5]，受不同气候及土壤类型等影响导致结论针对性不强。……