张汉卿 卢明 邓燕 阮云泽 吴川德

摘  要：以香水菠萝为研究对象，采用“3414”施肥试验方案开展大田试验，研究氮、磷、钾肥不同施用量对香水菠萝产量和经济效益的影响，探讨海南香水菠萝生产适宜的施肥量推荐。结果表明：各施肥处理产量均高于无肥处理，缺素处理对香水菠萝产量的影响为氮>钾>磷;N2P2K2处理的产量和净收益最高，分别为50 350 kg/hm2和167 508元/hm2;对产量和施肥量进行肥料效应函数拟合分析，结果表明三元二次肥效函数为非典型肥效模型，二元和一元肥效函数拟合失真;应用产量频率分析方法得出施肥量N 317～422 kg/hm2、P2O5 66～92 kg/hm2、K2O 271～396 kg/hm2时，产量达30 870～50 350 kg/hm2的概率为95%，此时推荐施肥配比为1∶0.16～0.29∶0.64～1.25。

关键词：香水菠萝;3414;推荐施肥

中图分类号：S668.3      文献标识码：A

Effect of NPK Fertilization on Yield and Fertilization Recommendation for ‘Tainong No. 11 Pineapple

ZHANG Hanqing1， LU Ming1，2， DENG Yan1， RUAN Yunze1， WU Chuande3

1. College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. College of Resources and Environment， Southwest University， Chongqing 400716， China; 3. Agriculture Service Center of Dalu Town， Qionghai， Hainan 571425， China

Abstract： A field experiment using the ‘3414 design was conducted for Tainong No.11 pineapple in Hainan. The effects of different NPK formula fertilization treatments on yield and economic performance were studied， and further the optimized NPK fertilization recommendation for good yield was discussed. Results showed compared with the no fertilization treatment， different NPK formula fertilization treatment increased the yield of Tainong No.11 pineapple， and the reduction of nutrient deficiency on yield was in the order of N>K>P. Treatment N2P2K2 had the highest yield and net economic benefit， 50 350 kg/hm2 and 167 508 yuan/hm2， respectively. The regression analysis results indicated an atypical ternary quadratic fertilizer effect model existing between NPK fertilization rates and yields， but binary quadratic function and unary quadratic function failed to give suitable regression. Using the yield frequency analysis method， the fertilization recommendation was 317～422 kg/hm2 for N， 66～92 kg/hm2 for P2O5， 271～396 kg/hm2 for K2O， respectively， which could gurantee the yield in the range of 30870～50350 kg/hm2 with 95% probability， and the ratio of NPK fertilization recommendation was 1 ： 0.16～0.29 ： 0.64～1.25.

Keywords： Tainong No.11 pineapple; 3414; fertilization recommendation

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.016

菠蘿（Ananas comosus L.）为凤梨科凤梨属多年生单子叶草本植物，是重要的热带国际贸易水果之一[1]。中国是世界十大菠萝主产国之一，近几十年菠萝生产呈稳定增长趋势，产业前景良好[2]。海南省作为中国菠萝第二大主产区，菠萝种植对促进农民增收发挥着积极作用。多年来，海南菠萝种植以传统的鲜食品种巴厘菠萝为主，其种植面积占全省菠萝种植总面积的90%以上，导致当前海南菠萝产业面临品种单一老化、缺乏市场竞争力的局面，急需调整品种结构[3]。此外，海南菠萝生产中长期存在盲目施肥现象，施肥过量与比例不合理问题突出，造成资源浪费，肥料利用率低，严重影响菠萝产量和经济效益[4]。

近年来，为了调整菠萝品种结构，海南先后引进了香水菠萝‘台农11号、金钻菠萝‘台农17号、金菠萝‘MD-2等菠萝新品种[5-6]。目前，菠……