凌秋平 周文灵 陈迪文 吴启华 沈大春 黄莹 黄振瑞 敖俊华

摘  要：通過室内盆栽试验，以不施磷作为对照，分别选用钙镁磷肥、聚磷酸铵和磷酸一铵进行施磷处理，研究施用不同类型磷肥对黑皮果蔗生物量、根系形态及磷吸收特性的影响。结果显示，施磷处理能够显著促进果蔗生长，与未施磷处理的相比较，钙镁磷肥、聚磷酸铵和磷酸一铵处理的果蔗地上部生物量分别增加了67.00%、58.38%、50.65%。在同一施磷水平下，钙镁磷肥处理的果蔗生物量显著高于聚磷酸铵和磷酸一铵处理。在不同类型磷肥处理下，果蔗的根系形态特征有显著差异。钙镁磷肥处理的果蔗根系总根长和总根系表面积均比其他两种磷肥处理有显著增加;钙镁磷肥和聚磷酸铵处理的果蔗根平均直径和根总体积之间无显著差异。不同类型磷肥处理下，果蔗地上部和根系的磷含量无显著差异;但钙镁磷肥处理的果蔗磷积累量显著高于磷酸一铵处理。

关键词：果蔗;磷肥;生物量;根系形态;磷吸收特性

中图分类号：S566.1      文献标识码：A

Effects of Different Phosphorus Fertilizers on Chewing Cane

LING Qiuping1， ZHOU Wenling1， CHEN Diwen1， WU Qihua1， SHEN Dachun1， HUANG Ying1，

HUANG Zhenrui2， AO Junhua1

1. Institute of Bioengineering， Guangdong Academy of Sciences / Guangdong Modern Agricultural Technology Research and Development Center （Resources and Environment and Agricultural Product Safety）， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510316， China; 2. Crops Research Institute， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510640， China

Abstract： Chewing cane is an important crop in China， which has a long growth duration and a high demand for phosphorus. Through the indoor pot experiment， three kinds of fertilizer treatments were set up with no fertilization as control. The effects of different types of phosphate fertilizer on the biomass， root morphology and phosphorus absorption characteristics of chewing cane variety Badila （Saccharum officinarum L.） were studied by using calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer， ammonium polyphosphate and monoammonium phosphate. The results showed that phosphorus application could significantly promote the growth of sugarcane. Compared with treatment without phosphate fertilizer， the biomass of chewing cane shoot treated with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer， ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer and monoammonium phosphate increased by 67.00%， 58.38% and 50.65%， respectively. Under the same level of phosphorus application， the biomass of chewing cane treated with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was significantly higher than treatments with ammonium polyphosphate and monophosphate. It indicated that the application of phosphate fertilizer in the tested soil could significantly increase the biomass of chewing cane， and the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer performed better than other types of phosphate fertilizers. The root morphological characteristics of chewing cane were significantly different under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments. The total root length， root surface area， average root diameter and total root system of chewing cane treated under phosphate fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than treatment without fertilizer. The total root length， root surface area， average root diameter and total root system of chewing cane treated with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were significantly higher than other two fertilization treatments. The average root diameter and total root volume of chewing cane treated with calcium magnesium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate had no significant difference. Phosphorus content and accumulation in chewing cane treated with no phosphate fertilizer were significantly different with the phosphate fertilizer treatments. However， there was no significant difference in phosphorus content between shoots and roots of chewing cane under different types of phosphorus fertilizer treatments. Moreover， the accumulation of phosphorus in chewing cane treated with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was significantly higher than that treated with monoammonium phosphate. Different type of phosphorus fertilizers had significant effects on phosphorus distribution in the shoot and root of chewing cane. The research show that proper application of phosphate fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of chewing cane， effectively promote the growth of root， significantly extend the total length of root and increase the absorption area of root.

Keywords： chewing cane; phosphorus fertilizer; biomass; roots morphology; phosphorus uptake characteristics

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.015

磷是植物所需的大量营养元素之一，在植物新陈代谢过程中发挥重要作用。土壤中的有效磷是植物所需的磷素主要来源，直接影响植物的生长发育[1]，为了保障作物的产量和品质，农业生产的磷肥施用量不断增加。然而，施入土壤的磷素易被转化成难溶性磷形态，导致土壤中的总磷含量较高，磷肥的当季利用率低[2]。所以，仅仅通过大量施用磷肥并不能很好地解决作物对磷素的需求，并且还会造成无法再生磷资源的枯竭和水体富营养化等磷污染的发生[3]，破坏生态环境的平衡。……