孙燕 赵青云 龙宇宙 董云萍 林兴军 谭军

摘  要：以大粒种咖啡（Caffea liberica）1号为砧木、中粒种咖啡（Caffea canephora）热研1号高产无性系为接穗形成种间嫁接苗，以棕榈叶+表土、棕榈叶+椰糠和椰糠+表土不同比例配置基質，比较不同处理下嫁接苗的根系形态、光合特性、生物量及苗木质量指数，筛选适宜育苗基质。结果表明：以棕榈叶+表土体积比1∶0（M1）、7∶3（M2）、1∶1（M3）处理植株根尖数、净光合速率（P_n）、总生物量及苗木质量指数较高，较常规育苗配比（CK），M1处理分别提高98.17%、25.88%、159.54%和142.86%，M2处理分别提高122.99%、39.11%、162.61%和151.40%，M3处理分别提高157.18%、40.47%、194.22%和214.29%，增幅均达显著水平，各处理植株根系形态指标、净光合速率、总生物量、苗木质量指数间呈极显著正相关。因此，M1、M2和M3处理混配基质均能较好的满足咖啡种间嫁接苗生长需要，建议推广应用。

关键词：咖啡;种间嫁接;育苗基质;光合特性;根系形态

中图分类号：S571.2      文献标识码：A

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Interspecific Grafting Coffee under Different Mixed Substrate

SUN Yan， ZHAO Qingyun， LONG Yuzhou^*， DONG Yunping， LIN Xingjun， TAN Jun

Spice and Beverage Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops， Wanning， Hainan 571533， China

Abstract： In order to screen the suitable mixed substrate for coffee interspecific grafting seedling （Caffea liberica No. 1 and Caffea canephora Reyan No. 1 were used as the rootstock and scion， respectively）， in this experiment， the root morphology characteristics， photosynthetic characteristics， biomass and seedling quality index among decomposed palm leaf chip + topsoil， decomposed palm leaf chip + decomposed coconut coir， decomposed coconut coir + topsoil were observed. The results indicated that M1， M2 and M3 had the higher measured values in three mixed substrate groups. Compared with CK， the root tip number， P_n， total biomass and seedling quality index of M1 increased with 98.17%， 25.88%， 159.54% and 142.86%， that for M2 was 122.99%， 39.11%， 162.61% and 151.40%， and that for M3 was 157.18%， 40.47%， 194.22% and 214.29%. There were significant positive correlation among root morphology indexes， P_n， total biomass and seedling quality index. In summary， the mixed substrates of M1， M2 and M3 could better meet the growth needs of coffee interspecific grafting seedling， and they were recommended to be popularized and applied.

Keywords： coffee; interspecific grafting; mixed substrate; photosynthetic characteristics; root morphology characteristics

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.014

咖啡为多年生热带经济作物，管理得当定植2～3 a后便可收获，且能连续收获20～30 a。幼苗质量佳，则定植后植株恢复快，能较早开花结果，缩短非生产期，且结果枝繁茂，也能延长经济寿命。因此，提高咖啡幼苗质量可为后期大田定植奠定良好基础^[1]。育苗基质是种苗繁育的重要环节。基质不同，则水分、养分供应能力不同。适宜育苗基质可使水、肥、气、热等基质环境因子得到平衡，对改善植株生长环境，提高苗木成活率、培育健壮苗木具有重要意义^[2-5]。钏金才等^[6]在筛选小粒种咖啡育苗基质时发现，66%的土与34%的粪肥，或者70%的土与29%的粪肥混合并添加1%过磷酸钙配比的苗木质量佳，定植效果好。……