曾霞 周世俊 涂敏 胡彦师

摘  要：胶乳中的蛋白质对橡胶生物合成、胶乳稳定性和加工性能等方面有重要影响，但总蛋白质含量在不同种质间的差异及其年度变化未有系统研究。本研究以国家橡胶树种质资源圃种植的少花橡胶、光亮橡胶、巴西橡胶野生种和栽培种共13份种质为对象，于2018—2019年对总蛋白质含量及其年度变化进行分析研究。结果表明：胶乳总蛋白质含量为0.147～0.174 g/kg，在种质间的差异达到极显著水平。根据总蛋白质含量水平，可初步分为3类，大于0.17 g/kg的高蛋白质含量类，低于0.15 g/kg的低蛋白质含量类和蛋白质含量为0.15～0.17 g/kg的中间类型。总蛋白质含量在父/母本与子代间也可很好地区分，适合作为胶乳特性指标。总蛋白质含量5月下旬下降，11月中旬上升，其他时间则差异不显著。胶乳总蛋白质含量可采取每月下旬或代表性月份6月、8月、10月测定。干总比大多为89%～97%，年度变化上呈现逐步下降的趋势，有2个低凹期，即5月下旬和10—11月，间接反映这2个时期非胶组分较高，推测5月下旬和10月份非胶组分的上升与总蛋白质无关。

关键词：橡胶树;种质;胶乳;总蛋白质含量;年度变化

中图分类号：S794.1      文献标识码：A

Difference and Annual Change of Latex Total Protein Content in Hevea Germplasm under Non-stimulated Tapping System

ZENG Xia1，2， ZHOU Shijun2， TU Min1，2， HU Yanshi1，2

1. Rubber Research Institute， CATAS， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

Abstract： Protein in the latex has an important effect on the rubber biosynthesis， latex stability， properties of NR and etc.. The difference of latex total protein content （LTPC） among germplasm and the annual changes has not been systematically studied. In this study， 13 germplasms planted in the National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository， including Hevea pauciflora， Hevea nitida and Hevea brasiliensis， were used to investigate the difference of LTPC and annual changes in 2018—2019. It was found the LTPC of 13 germplasms was between 0.147-0.174 g/kg， reaching a significant difference （P<0.01）. It could be divided into three categories， the high LTPC category with more than 0.17 g/kg， the low with less than 0.15 g/kg and the intermediate between 0.15-0.17 g/kg. LTPC was also well distinguished among sibling lines and the parents， which could be used as the characteristic index of latex. LTPC decreased in late-May and increased in mid-November. Except that， there was no significant difference. LTPC could be measured in the last ten days of each month or in the representative month of June， August and October. DRC/TSC was mostly between 89% and 97%， and decreased gradually within the year. There were two trough， i.e. late-May and October-November， which indicated that the non-rubber components were higher. It was speculated that the non-rubber components in late-May and October had nothing to do with protein.

Keywords： Hevea; germplasm; latex; total protein content; annual change

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.012

天然橡膠99%来源于巴西橡胶树所产胶乳[1]。胶乳是一个复杂的胶体系统，除了水和20%～50%的橡胶烃以外，还含有5%～8%的非胶组分，包括蛋白质、类脂物、水溶物、丙酮溶物、无机盐等[2]。其中蛋白质是其中重要的非胶组分，研究其含量及其变化具有重要的现实意义。蛋白质约占胶乳的1%～2%[3]，其中约27.2%分布于橡胶粒子表面，47.5%分布于C-乳清，25.3%分布于胶乳底层部分[4]。……