郎月婷 马长旺 于靖 郭芮 严岳鸿 杨东梅

摘  要：以陰生桫椤（Alsophila latebrosa）、大叶黑桫椤（Alsophila gigantea）为研究对象，利用绿色球状体（Green Globular Bodies，GGB）途径，展开快繁体系的研究，以筛选最优的繁殖体系。结果表明：（1）阴生桫椤的快繁体系中，1/10 MS是孢子萌发最优培养配方;1/2 MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L，蔗糖30 g/L，琼脂6.5 g/L是诱导配子体产生GGB的最优培养配方;1/2 MS+KT 0.1 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L是其诱导GGB分化的最优培养配方;孢子体幼苗在泥炭土∶菜园土∶珍珠岩=3∶3∶1的基质中成活率最高。（2）在大叶黑桫椤的快繁体系中，1/10 MS为相对较好的培养基;1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L IBA是诱导产生GGB的最优培养配方;1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L NAA对GGB分化的促进作用最显著;1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.3 mg/L NAA的组合可有效促进孢子体幼苗生根。（3）通过配子体诱导GGB途径，2种桫椤属植物从孢子萌发到幼苗移栽的整个培养过程为6～8个月。可见，GGB途径不仅能提高繁殖系数，也能大大缩短桫椤属植物的繁殖时间，为实现桫椤属植物的工厂化育苗奠定了基础。

关键词：阴生桫椤;大叶黑桫椤;GGB;组织培养

中图分类号：Q813.1      文献标识码：A

Technology for Rapid Propagation in Vitro of Two Alsophila Species

LANG Yueting1，2， MA Changwang1，2*， YU Jing1，2， GUO Rui1，2， YAN Yuehong3， YANG Dongmei1，2*

1. College of Horticulture， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants of Hainan Province， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 3. Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden / Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 201602， China

Abstract： Alsophila latebrosa and A. gigantea both have high scientific value and ornamental value. The construction of the rapid propagation system of them by gametophy-induced Green Globular Bodies （GGB） pathway was studied. In the rapid propagation system of A. latebrosa， the most optimal culture formula for spore germination was 1/10MS， the best culture medium for inducing gametophytes to produce GGB was 1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L， sucrose 30 g/L and agar 6.5 g/L， the most suitable formula for GGB differentiation factor was 1/2MS+KT 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L， and the survival rate of sporophyte seedlings was the highest in the substrate （peat∶garden soil∶perlite = 3∶3∶1）. In the fast propagation system of A. gigantea， the relatively suitable medium was 1/10MS， the most optimal formula for GGB induction was 1/2MS+0.3 mg/L IBA， NAA of 0.3 mg/L had the most significant effect on GGB differentiation， the combination of 0.1 mg/L IAA+0.3 mg/L NAA could promote the rooting the sporophyte seedlings. It only took 6-8 months by gametophy-induced GGB pathway for the culture of the two Alsophila species， from spore germination to seeding transplanting. Therefore， this pathway not only increased the propagation coefficiency， but also greatly reduced the propagation time of Alsophila species， which could enhance the industrial seeding of Alsophila species.

Keywords： Alsophila latebrosa; Alsophila gigantea; green globular bodies; tissue culture

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.010

桫欏科（Cyatheaceae）隶属于蕨类植物门（Pteridophyta）薄囊蕨纲（Leptosporangiopsida）桫椤目（Cyatheales），全世界有3属600多种，其中中国有2属14种2变种，分别是桫椤属（Alsophila）和白桫椤属（Sphaeropteris），主要分布在云南、广西、广东、海南、台湾等地[1-3]。桫椤科植物古老而特别，是现存的唯一的树蕨类植物，对物种起源、进化和植物地理区系等研究具有重要价值，在古地质学、古生物学及古气候学等学科，常被当做理想的研究材料。另外，桫椤科植物形态优美，观赏性高，在广州、深州等地区已经被广泛应用[4-5]。可见，桫椤科植物既有科学价值，又有很高的观赏价值。但由于生境破坏、过度采挖，桫椤科植物的生存现状不容乐观。……