陈虹容 商桑 田丽波 朱国鹏

摘  要：為探究苦瓜叶片叶绿素含量遗传特点，加快高产优质新品种选育进程，以苦瓜高代自交系04-17-6和25-6配组产生的6个世代P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2为材料，利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型和ABC尺度测验2种方法，对苦瓜叶片叶绿素含量进行遗传分析。主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析结果表明，叶绿素含量遗传受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制，且高叶绿素含量对低叶绿素含量为不完全显性。3个分离世代B1、B2、F2的主基因遗传率分别为2.86%、75.35%、79.79%，多基因遗传率分别为87.81%、0%、0%，环境变异为9.33%～24.65%，主基因的加性效应da和显性效应ha分别为17.739和17.682，显性度ha/da 小于1。ABC尺度测验结果表明，叶绿素含量的遗传符合加性-显性模型。2种方法分析结果表明，苦瓜叶片叶绿素含量由1对主基因控制，同时受微效多基因及环境影响，适合进行早代选择。B2、F2世代应重点进行主基因选择，多基因在B1选择效率高，提高品系叶绿素含量应注重对加性效应和显性效应的利用。该研究结果为苦瓜产量及品质育种提供了理论基础。

关键词：苦瓜;叶绿素含量;遗传分析

中图分类号：S642.5      文献标识码：A

Genetic Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Bitter Gourd Leaves

CHEN Hongrong1， SHANG Sang2， TIAN Libo1*， ZHU Guopeng1

1. College of Horticulture， Hainan University / Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Tropical Horticultural Crop， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. College of Life Science and Medicine， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract： The genetic traits in the chlorophyll content of bitter gourd leaves were investigated to accelerate the process of genetic breeding. By using the analysis method of mix major gene plus polygene model and ABC scale testing models to analyze the genetic inheritance of the chlorophyll content in bitter gourd from six generations P1， P2， F1， B1， B2 and F2 ， which cultivated from inbred lines 04-17-6 and 25-6. The mix major gene plus polygene inheritance model indicated that the chlorophyll content inheritance was controlled by one major gene with additive - dominant plus additive - dominant-epistatic polygene and high to low chlorophyll content exhibited incomplete dominance. The major gene heritability of B1， B2， F2 generations was 2.86%， 75.35% and 79.79% while polygene heritability was 87.81%， 0%， 0%， respectively， the environmental variation accounted for 9.33%-24.65% and dominant degree less than 1 （da/ha）， as major gene additive effects （da） and dominant effects （ha） was 17.739 and 17.682， respectively. As for ABC scale testing， the chlorophyll content inheritance was accorded to the additive-dominant model. Two methods showed that chlorophyll inheritance in bitter gourd was controlled by a pair of major genes， but also environmental and minor polygene effect were considerable， which was suitable for early generation selection. Major gene selection should be focused on B2 and F2 generations while polygene selection on B1 generation had higher effectivity， additive and dominant effect of major genes were significant selecting factors on improving the chlorophyll content of the lines. This research would provide a basic theory on yield and quality breeding for bitter gourd.

Keywords： bitter gourd; chlorophyll content; genetic analysis

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.009

苦瓜（Momordica charantia L.）俗名癞瓜、凉瓜、锦荔枝，是葫芦科苦瓜属一年生攀缘植物，兼具食用与药用价值。其嫩果富含丰富的氨基酸、矿物质和多种维生素[1]，特别是维生素C的含量，是其他瓜类蔬菜如菜瓜、丝瓜的10～20倍。同时苦瓜还具有清凉祛火、防癌抗癌等多种功效[2]。随着苦瓜营养价值及诸多药用功效被进一步认知，其所占的市场份额日益增加，栽培面积也在逐年扩大。……