贺思腾 魏静 吴疆翀 郑益兴 张燕平

摘  要：為揭示不同种源多油辣木（Moringa oleifera Lam.）的形态多样性、变异程度以及各种源的表型特点。对云南省引种栽培的世界范围内10个种源多油辣木的15个表型数量性状和质量性状进行差异性研究。结果表明，不同种源多油辣木的形态学特征存在广泛的变异，其中复叶长变异幅度最大，变异范围为6.052～14.325 cm，变异系数为25.192%，其次为种子千粒重、小叶长、种子长和小叶宽，而小叶对数的变异幅度最小，变异范围为4～6，变异系数为9.420%，侧脉数目和可育花药数量无表型变异;主成分分析显示多油辣木种源间的形态差异主要来源于小叶面积、小叶长、花瓣颜色、小叶叶型和种子长;UPGMA聚类分析表明，10个种源可以归为两大类群，其中中国台湾、缅甸实皆与印度南部班加罗尔的种源归为一个类群，缅甸木各具、肯尼亚、美国、古巴与印度北部新德里的种源归为另一个类群。不同种源地的多油辣木在其种源地因人为筛选或环境适应而形成了在叶片和种子的形态指标上较高的形态分化，因此，建议不同种源在良种选育时可根据利用部位的不同而选择培育方向。

关键词：多油辣木;形态变异;主成分析;聚类分析

中图分类号：S722      文献标识码：A

Morphological Variation of Different Provenances of Moringa

oleifera Lam.

HE Siteng1，2， WEI Jing1，3， WU Jiangchong1， ZHENG Yixing1， ZHANG Yanping1

1. Research Institute of Resource Insects， Chinese Academy of Forestry， Kunming， Yunnan 650233， China; 2. Puer Forest Ecosystem Research Station， National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China， Puer， Yunnan 665001， China; 3. Municipal Management and Maintenance Center of Urban Administration Bureau， Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone， Zhengzhou， Henan 451162， China

Abstract： In order to reveal the morphological diversity， variation extent， and phenotypic traits among ten world-wide provenances of Moringa oleifera Lam. domesticated in Yunnan， China， a study was performed by examing the variation of 15 morphologic features. There were wide variation among the provenances and morphologic features. In all morphologic features， frond length was ranged from 6.025 to 14.325 cm， with the highest variance coefficient of 25.192%， followed by thousand-seed weight， leaflet length， seed length and leaflet width. Principal component analysis showed that the main variation was resulted from leaflet area， leaflet length， petal color， leaflet shape and seed length. Clustering analysis by the UPGMA method showed that the ten provenances could be divided into two groups. One was formed by the provenances of Taiwan of China， Sagaining， and Bangalore （South India）， the other was formed by the provenances of Pakkoku， Kenya， USA， Cuba， and Bangalore Delhi （North India）. M. oleifera Lam. from different provenances is highly differentiated in the leaf and seed shape index by artificial selection or environmental adaptation. Different provenances could be chosen in the breeding direction according to the different using parts in the breeding of improved varieties.

Keywords： Moringa oleifera Lam.; morphologic variation; principal component analysis; cluster analysis

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.008

物种的遗传变异是长期进化的产物，是物种生存适应和发展的前提[1-2]。遗传变异体现在不同水平上，从形态学或表型性状上检测遗传变异是最古老的也是最简便的方法[3-4]。这种方法向来是物种分类、资源鉴定以及探讨物种进化问题的基础[5]，尤其是当需要在短期内对变异程度有所了解或在其他生化方法无法開展时;因此，形态学方法不失为一种有价值的选择[6-7]。……