中国非洲猪瘟疫情概况及其疫苗研究进展
2021-08-02崔钰晨陈骐
崔钰晨 陈骐
摘 要:非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲豬瘟病毒引起的猪高致命性传染病。目前,它被列为世界动物卫生组织报告的法定传染病和中国政府规定的一级动物疾病。自2018年8月爆发以来,ASF给中国养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。中国ASF防控和根除的形势依然严峻,迫切需要安全有效的疫苗。重点分析了中国ASF疫苗的现状和发展趋势,并对ASF疫苗存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。关键词:非洲猪瘟;非洲猪瘟病毒;疫苗
中图分类号:S 858.28 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)04-0066-06
DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.04.011
Epidemic Situation of African Swine Fever in China and the Research Progress of Its Vaccine
CUI Yu-chen, CHEN Qi*
(South Biomedical Research Center, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China)
Abstract: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal infectious disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). At present, it is listed as a legal infectious disease reported by the World Organization for Animal Health and a first-level animal disease specified by the Chinese government. Since the outbreak in August of 2018, ASF has brought huge economic losses to the pig industry of China. The situation of ASF prevention, control and eradication in China is still grim and there is an urgent need for the safe and effective vaccines. The current situation and development trend of ASF vaccines in China were analyzed emphatically, and the existing problems and future research directions of ASF vaccine were discussed.
Key words: African swine fever; African swine fever virus; Vaccines
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus, ASFV)感染野生猪和家猪引起的一种高度传染性动物传染病,所有品种和年龄均可被感染。急性型ASF起病快,病程短,主要表现为高热、食欲不振、发绀、内脏大出血,死亡率接近100%[1-2]。毒性较小的ASFV毒株可导致轻微的临床症状,亚急性形式的疾病,甚至慢性感染[3]。ASFV主要侵染单核、吞噬细胞(单核、巨噬细胞);而病毒对巨噬细胞功能的调节是致病和免疫逃避机制的关键[4]。
目前,ASF尚未得到有效控制,对全球养猪业构成严重威胁。由于目前还没有针对ASF的商业化疫苗,该病的控制只能靠早期发现、有效诊断、扑杀受感染和暴露的动物以及严格的卫生措施。对ASF的流行率、传播机制和致病性缺乏深入了解,给我国防治ASF带来了很大困难。本文结合当前中国ASF的流行情况介绍了ASF疫苗的最新进展和新出现的方法设计,以期为ASF疫苗的研发提供有用信息。
1 中国ASF疫情概况
ASF一直被列为我国重点监测的外来动物疾病。……
