刘金平　郭碧花　严贤春

摘  要：以园林专业专科、本科和硕士3个学历层次大学生为研究对象，连续10年跟踪其就业与创业情况，通过分析就业对口率、就业方向、创业实践率及创业专业率等指标，研究学历层次对大学生就业及创业的影响。结果表明：（1）学历层次对就业对口率和就业方向有显著影响，随毕业年限增加，3个学历层次的就业对口率逐渐降低，就业方向均由资料和工程方向转为管理和贸易方向，学历越低越容易放弃专业对口工作;（2）学历层次对创业意愿、创业实践率及创业专业率有显著影响，学历越低创业意愿率及创业实践率越高，学历越高创业实践越滞后而创业专业率越高;（3）学历对园林专业大学生就业与创业有显著影响，毕业年限对不同学历大学生的就业对口率、就业方向、创业实践率及创业专业率影响有显著差异。

关键词：园林;学历;大学生;就业;创业

中图分类号：G640       文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）16-0046-05

Abstract： The employment and entrepreneurship of three educational levels students of landscape architecture， such as junior college， undergraduate and master， were analyzed for 10 consecutive years after graduation， by analyzing the indexes of employment rate， employment orientation， entrepreneurial practice rate and entrepreneurial professional rate， to study the impact of educational level on the students' employment and entrepreneurship. The results show that： （1）Educational levels had significant impact on the students' employment rate and employment direction. With the increase of graduation years， the employment rate of 3 levels decreased gradually， and the employment direction was changed from information direction and engineering direction to management direction and trade direction. The lower educational level students， the easier to give up their professional counterparts.（2）Educational levels had significant impact on entrepreneurial intention， entrepreneurial practice rate and entrepreneurial professional rate. The lower educational level students had the higher the entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial practice rate. The higher education level students had the higher the entrepreneurial professional rate， but their entrepreneurial practice always lags behind. （3）Educational levels had significant impact on the employment and entrepreneurship of landscape university students， and graduation years had significant difference on the employment rate， employment direction， entrepreneurial practice rate and entrepreneurial professional rate of students with different educational levels.

Keywords： landscape architecture; educational level; college students; employment; Entrepreneurship

國务院办公厅《关于深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见》、教育部《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020）》和《关于做好“本科生教学工程”国家级大学生创新创业训练计划实施工作的通知》等文件发布以来，西华师范大学结合本地本校实际情况，建立创新创业教育体系，制定创新创业教育实施方案，实施创新创业训练计划，加强学生创新精神、创业意识和创造能力培养，对推动教学综合改革、优化人才培养机制及促进创业人才成长发挥了重要作用。……