张易成 王岚 周改芳 吴志远 秦天羽 崔晓辉 郭立月 李彩虹 蒋高明

摘 要：农村生物质含有大量的氮素，就地肥料化既缓解环境污染问题，又能创造经济效益。该研究以沂蒙山区典型村庄蒋家庄为例，实地调查和分析了该村生物质资源量与氮含量，并利用田间试验探讨了其生产有机主粮的潜力与经济效益。结果表明，蒋家庄植物生物质量（干基）为722.5t·a-1，禽畜粪尿（鲜量）2703.1t·a-1，可降解生活垃圾（鲜基）25.4t·a-1，三者折合纯氮为18.88t·a-1。1kg牛粪可生产1.04kg有机主粮，1kg植物生物质有机肥平均可生产0.53kg有机主粮。该村生物质氮总量可满足全村农作物有机种植需求，经济效益可增加2倍以上。

关键词：生物质资源;生物质肥;有机种植;生产潜力;经济效益

中图分类号 S216文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）11-0153-08

Study on Biomass Nitrogen Resources and Organic Grain Production Potential in a Village of Yimeng Mountain Region

ZHANG Yicheng1，2 et al.

（1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change， Institute of Botany， the Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100093， China; 2College of Resources and Environment， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China）

Abstract： Rural biomass contains large amount of nitrogen fertilizer resources， in situ fertilization can not only alleviate environmental pollution， but also create considerable economic benefits. Taking Jiangjiazhuang Village， a typical village in Yimeng Mountains of Shandong Province， as a case， we investigated and analyzed the biomass resources and nitrogen amount of the village， and explored the potential and economic benefits of biomass resources in producing organic grains using exact field experiments. The results showed that the amount of plant biomass （dry base）， livestock feces and urine （fresh base） and degradable domestic garbage （fresh base） in Jiangjiazhuang was 716.8 t·a-1， 2703.08 t·a-1， and about 25.40 t·a-1， respectively， which were totally equivalent to 18.78 t·a-1 of pure nitrogen. Biomass fertilizer can be transformed into organic grains （wheat + corn） in situ. It was noted that 1kg manure biomass fertilizer could produce 1.04 kg organic grains， and 1kg plant biomass fertilizer produce 0.53 kg on average. The total amount of biomass nitrogen in the village can satisfy all the crop field for organic planting， which increased the economic benefits by more than 2 times.

Key words： Biomass resources; Biomass fertilizer; Organic farming; Production potential; Economic benefits

1 引言

作物種植和禽畜饲养过程会产生大量的秸秆和粪尿等生物质资源，其含有的氮、磷、钾等营养元素可用于农业生产，并保护生态环境。研究表明，我国每年产生的各类农作物秸秆超过9.5亿t，禽畜粪便（干基）和尿液分别达5.96亿t和8.92亿t[1]。目前，我国秸秆资源的综合利用率为80.1%，其中肥料化和饲料化利用率为52%[2];而禽畜粪尿的养分利用率不到45%[3]。大量农作物秸秆和禽畜粪尿暴露在环境中，不仅浪费生物质资源，还会造成土壤、空气和水体污染等环境问题[4]。在大规模粮食产区和养殖场，生物质资源相对集中，便于机械化管理和收集处理;然而，对于个体种植户和小型养殖户，因农田管理碎片化，养殖场较为分散，生物质分布不集中，难以收集运输并利用。……