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歙县山核桃遗传资源状况研究

2021-07-15张清国

安徽农学通报 2021年11期

张清国

摘 要:歙县山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg)栽培历史悠久,分布栽培广泛,山核桃产业是当地重要的经济支柱之一。该文调查了歙县山核桃遗传资源的分类、分布状况,并测定了该县杞梓里镇、岔口镇、三阳镇等地山核桃的果实性状及生化指标。结果显示:歙县不同山核桃单株间鲜果单果重、坚果单果重、坚果横径、坚果纵径存在极显著差异;歙县杞梓里1号山核桃果实大,出仁率高,各项生化指标均表现出色,可鉴定为优质种质资源。

关键词:山核桃;遗传资源;果实性状;生化指标;歙县

中图分类号 S664.1;S602.4文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)11-0087-04

Study on Genetic Resources of Hickory in  She County

ZHANG Qingguo

(She County Forestry Bureau, She County 245200, China)

Abstract: In this paper, the status of hickory genetic resources in She County of Anhui Province was studied. The classification, origin, geographic distribution, cultivation history and cultivation status of hickory in She County were investigated. On this basis, samples were selected from the three key distribution areas of Qizili, Chakou and Sanyang to determine their main fruit traits and biochemical indicators.The results showed that:there were significant differences in fruit weight, nut weight, cross diameter and longitudinal diameter among different single plants. Qizili No.1 pecan in She County has large fruit, high kernel yield and excellent biochemical indexes, so it can be identified as high-quality germplasm resources.

Key words: Hickory;Genetic resources;Fruit character; Biochemical index; She County

山核桃(Carya cathayensis Sarg)是胡桃科(Juglandaceae)山核桃屬(Carya Nutt.)植物的总称[1],落叶乔木,树皮平滑,灰白色,果核倒卵形或椭圆状卵形,有时略侧扁,顶端急尖而具短凸尖[2]。山核桃肥厚甘美,核桃仁中含有丰富的营养物质,如磷脂、蛋白质、多种维生素、矿物质,以及人体营养所必需的不饱和脂肪酸等,有降低血脂、润肺强肾、预防冠心病等功效[3]。山核桃的综合利用价值很高,果壳可制活性炭,油饼可作肥料[4]。20世纪以来,许多学者对山核桃生物学和生态学特性、经济性状以及气候、土壤、人为因子等进行了大量研究[5-8]。山核桃的栽培范围较广,长江中下游、淮河流域和西南地区是其主要栽培区。安徽省山核桃的主要栽培范围集中在天目山山脉及黄山余脉,在黄山市歙县一直被广泛种植,是当地农户主要收入来源之一[9,10]。目前,安徽的山核桃都为人工栽植,使用的种苗没有经过选择,还不是良种[11]。……

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