孙成贤 林雄平 陈泽莉

摘 要：采用无水乙醇作为溶剂，从三叶鬼针草根、茎、叶及全草提取活性物质，并对得到的三叶鬼针草提取物进行体外抗菌及抗氧化试验。结果表明：三叶鬼针草的根、茎、叶及全草乙醇提取物的提取率分别为5.90%、8.10%、11.40%、6.90%。三叶鬼针草不同部位的乙醇提取物均未呈现良好的抗菌活性，其中，仅叶提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌有轻微的抑制效果，抑菌圈为7.92mm。三叶鬼针草根、茎、叶等部位提取物均具有较好的抗氧化活性，其中，浓度为0.2mg/mL的乙醇提取物清除过氧化氢能力较好，根为701.76U/mL，茎为607.41U/mL，叶为271.30U/mL，全草为257.97U/mL，说明根部是贮存抗菌抗氧化活性物质的主要器官。由此可见，三叶鬼针草具有较强的抗氧化活性，可作为药用植物资源进行开发和利用。

关键词：三叶鬼针草;乙醇提取物;抗菌活性;抗氧化活性

中图分类号 S567文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）11-0032-04

Studied on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Ethanol Extracts from Bidens pilosa L.

SUN Chengxian et al.

（College of Life Science， Ningde Normal University， Ningde 352100， China）

Abstract： The roots， stems， leaves and whole herbs of the Bidens pilosa L.were extracted with ethanol. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts were tested in vitro. The results showed that the extraction rates of ethanol extracts from the roots， stems， leaves and whole herbs of Bidens pilosa were 5.90%， 8.10%， 11.40% and 6.90%， respectively. Ethanol extracts from different parts of Bidens pilosa did not show a good antimicrobial activity. Among them， only leaf extract had a weak inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis with an inhibitory circle of 7.92mm. Among the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts from different parts of Bidens pilosa， the roots， stems and leaves of Bidens pilosa had better antioxidant activities. When the concentration of ethanol extract was 0.2mg/mL， the effect of hydrogen peroxide removal was better and the root， stem， leaf， and herba are 701.76U/mL， 607.41U/mL， 271.30U/mL and 257.97U/mL， respectively. Therefore， the root was the main organ for storing antimicrobial and antioxidant substances. Bidens pilosa could be used as medicinal plant resources for development and utilization for strong antioxidant activity.

Key words： Bidens pilosa L.; Ethanol extract; Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity

三葉鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）是一年生菊科草本植物，属于管状花亚科鬼针草属，也被称为毛针草、细毛针草[1]。植物高25～100cm，杆是直立，切断面为四边形，疏柔毛或无毛。广泛分布于我国长江以南地区，易存活，属于广泛生态类型的植物，常生长在荒地、山坡、河流旁等地方。其生长周期短，容易识别，可在夏、秋季采摘，将其阳光下晒干或直接药用，其分布较集中，易于采栽，是一种理想的可供开发的天然药物[2]。三叶鬼针草性平，味苦，在民间应用范围很广，不仅可以用于消除红肿减轻疼痛、治疗皮炎，还可用于胃肠炎症，中暑腹痛，细菌性痢疾，急性喉炎，感冒发热，淋证，白浊等疾病，具有抗炎、抗菌、抗癌等作用[3]。……