魏夫超 黄俊航 王东需 付德利 刘新政 邵承颖

摘 要：目的：对女子柔道运动员膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后的康复体能训练方案与效果进行研究和总结。方法：根据运动员术后康复目标，设计18周康复体能训练方案，并进一步分为4个阶段予以实施。在整个康复训练期间，通过对膝关节活动度、下肢肌肉围度、最大屈伸肌群肌力和闭眼屈膝15°单腿站立时间的定期测试，以评价每一阶段的康复训练效果。结果：通过18周康复体能训练，运动员伤侧膝关节功能有了较大提升。Lysholm膝关节功能评分达到满分;关节活动度与健侧相比仅相差3°;伤侧小腿肌肉围度、髌上5 cm处围度、髌上10 cm处围度较健侧分别相差0.1 cm、0.2 cm、0.2 cm;傷侧膝关节伸肌最大力矩较健侧差11.6%、屈肌最大力矩差10.8%，伤侧和健侧膝关节屈伸肌最大力矩的比值分别为57.2%和56.7%。伤侧与健侧闭眼屈膝15°站立时间相差5.19 s，处于可接受范围内。结论：通过18周康复体能训练，运动员伤侧膝关节功能、关节活动度、肌肉围度和平衡协调能力恢复较为理想;伤侧膝关节屈伸肌群肌力和本体感觉与健侧相比还有些许差异，后期应继续加强伤侧单腿力量和本体感觉训练。

关键词：女子柔道运动员;膝关节;前交叉韧带;康复体能训练

中图分类号：G804.5  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）02-0043-04

Physical rehabilitation training after reconstruction of ACL of elite female judo athlete： A case study

WEI Fuchao1，HUANG Junhang2，WANG Dongxu1，FU Deli3，LIU Xinzheng2，SHAO Chengying1

（1.Shandong Institute of Sport Science， Jinan 250102， Shandong， China; 2. Graduate School， Shandong Sport University， Jinan 250102， Shandong; 3. Weightlifting， Wrestling & Judo Administration Center of Shandong Province， Jinan 250102， Shandong， China）

Abstract：Objective： To study and summarize the rehabilitation physical training program and effect of female judo athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Methods： According to the objective of athletes' postoperative rehabilitation， an 18-week rehabilitation physical training program was designed and further divided into four stages. During the entire rehabilitation training period， regular tests were conducted on the range of motion of the knee joint， the muscle circumference of the lower limbs， the muscle strength of the maximum flexor and extensor muscle groups， and the standing time of the closed eye and knee at 15°， to evaluate the rehabilitation training effect of each stage.Results：After 18 weeks of rehabilitation physical training， the knee joint function of the injured side of the athletes has been greatly improved. Lysholm score reached full score; the range of motion of the joint was only 3° different from that of the uninjured side. There were only 0.1 cm， 0.2 cm and 0.2 cm differences between the injured side and the uninjured side in the calf muscle circumference， the suprapatellar area 5 cm and the suprapatellar area 10 cm. The maximum moment of extensor of knee joint on the injured side was 11.6% worse than that on the healthy side， and the maximum moment of flexor muscle on the injured side was 10.8% worse than that on the healthy side. The ratio of maximum moment group of flexor muscle on the injured side and the healthy side was 57.2% and 56.7% respectively. There was a 5.19 s difference in standing time between the injured side and the healthy side with closed eyes and knees at 15°， which was within the acceptable range.Conclusion： After 18 weeks of physical training， the recovery of knee function， range of motion， muscle circumference and balance and coordination ability of the injured side of the athletes is relatively ideal. There are some differences in muscle strength and proprioception of flexor and extensor muscles of the injured side compared with that of the healthy side. In the later stage， we should continue to strengthen the strength of one leg and proprioception training of the injured side.

Key words：female judo athlete; knee joint; anterior cruciate ligament; rehabilitation physical training

收稿日期：2020-11-12

基金项目：山东省研究生教育创新计划项目（SDYY09075）。

作者简介：魏夫超（1986- ），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向体能及体能康复训练。

前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）是膝关节重要的静力稳定结构，它的基本作用是防止胫骨前移，与后交叉韧带（PCL）共同作用保持胫股关节间的正常运动[1]。……