刘欢 董建国

摘 要：通过录像观察、数理统计、文献资料和专家访谈等研究方法，对东京奥运周期3届世界体操锦标赛男子单杠决赛前8名运动员的有效技术动作进行分析。结果显示：1）东京奥运周期出现难度价值为0.8分、0.9分的超难空翻动作，0.9分的难度价值也成为男子体操六项中最高难度价值。2）三届世锦赛平均难度分相差不大，平均完成分在经历第47届世锦赛后大幅度上升。3）飞行动作是当今时代单杠发展的主流，飞行连接日趋成熟，在比赛中不仅出现了高难度的D+G的飞行连接动作，而且克罗地亚运动员斯尔比克还成功完成了4连飞。4）难度价值较高的下法动作数量逐年增加，以直体后空翻两周转体720°为主流。5）完成质量有所提升，下法落地稳定性不足。

关键词：竞技体操;世锦赛;单杠;难度;编排;完成;东京奥运周期

中图分类号：G832.3  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）02-0027-06

Difficulty and arrangement of horizontal bar in Tokyo Olympic cycle

LIU Huan1， DONG Jianguo2

（1. School of P.E.， North China University， Taiyuan 030051， Shanxi， China; 2. Shanxi Institute of Sports Science， Taiyuan 030012， Shanxi， China）

Abstract：Through the methods of video observation， mathematical statistics， literature review and expert interview， this paper analyzes the effective technical movements of the top 8 men's horizontal bar final in the three World Gymnastics Championships during Tokyo Olympic cycle. The results show that： 1） The difficulty value of Tokyo Olympic cycle is 0.8 points， 0.9 points of super difficult somersault， 0.9 points of difficulty value also become the highest difficulty value of men's gymnastics six events. 2） The average difficulty points of the three World Championships had little difference， and the average completion points increased significantly after the 47th World Championships. 3） Flying action is the mainstream of horizontal bar development， and the flight connection is becoming more and more mature. In the competition， not only the highly difficult D + G flight connection movement appeared， but also the Croatian athlete Srbic successfully completed four consecutive flights. 4） The number of downward movements with higher difficulty value increased year by year， with straight back somersault two weeks and turning 720° as the main trend. 5） The completion quality has been improved， and the stability of the landing method is insufficient.

Key words：World Championship; horizontal bar; difficulty; arrangement; completion

收稿日期：2020-10-03

作者简介：刘 欢 （1992- ），男，河南周口人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向体育教学。

通讯作者：董建国（1966- ），男，山西太原人， 研究员，主要研究方向运动训练。

中国是当今世界公认的竞技体操强国，我国在奥运会和世界体操锦标赛上获得的奖牌总数仅次于俄罗斯，位居世界第二。综观六个项目，再看世界冠军榜，发现我国男子体操六项中各单项发展存在非均衡性，鞍马、吊环、双杠是我国的优势项目，自由体操和单杠相对较弱，严重影响了我国团体和全能的成绩[1]。因此，研究东京奥运周期竞技体操单杠成套动作具有一定的现实意义。……