曾佳音

摘  要：《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》（以下简称《指南》）指出：游戏是促进幼儿学习与发展的重要途径。首先，游戏其经验往往是最综合的，包含的领域较广。其次，自由、自发、自主是游戏的本质特征，而这三个“自”，意味着每位幼儿都是在自己的水平上，基于自己的兴趣和需要进行活动。此外为幼儿提供“直接感知、实际操作和亲身体验”的机会，因此在游戏中解决的问题都是幼儿的真问题。最后，积极主动、好奇探究是幼儿最重要的学习品质，也是幼儿在游戏中最鲜明的行为特征，教师在游戏中对幼儿的支持和鼓励，就是在顺应幼儿天性的前提下，让幼儿在内部动机的驱使下促使学习品质的养成。笔者结合自己的工作实践，以大班户外水区游戏《花样引水》为例，谈谈引导幼儿在自主探索和学习中获得发展的几点思考。

关键词：创设与收集;放手与观察;跟随与陪伴

【中图分类号】G610      【文献标识码】A       【文章编号】1005-8877（2021）04-0038-02

Autonomous Learning and Supporting Development

ZENG Jiayin  （Wenling Experimental Kindergarten，Quanzhou City，Fujian Province，China）

【Abstract】"3-6 years old children's learning and development guide" （hereinafter referred to as the "guide"） points out that games are an important way to promote children's learning and development. First of all，the experience of games is often the most comprehensive and covers a wide range of fields. Secondly，freedom，spontaneity and autonomy are the essential characteristics of the game，and these three "selves" mean that every child carries out activities at his own level based on his own interests and needs. In addition，it provides children with the opportunity of "direct perception，practical operation and personal experience"，so the problems solved in the game are the real problems of children. Finally，active and curious inquiry is the most important learning quality of children，and also the most distinctive behavioral characteristics of children in the game. Teachers' support and encouragement to children in the game is to make children develop learning quality under the premise of complying with children's nature and driven by internal motivation. Combined with my own work practice，the author takes the outdoor water area game "pattern water diversion" as an example to talk about some thoughts on guiding children to obtain development in independent exploration and learning.

【Keywords】Creation and collection;Let go and observe;Follow and accompany

1.創设与收集，体现幼儿的自主过程

（1）创设宽敞活动空间，支持幼儿自主游戏

游戏场地是儿童游戏的空间，是进行游戏不可缺少的条件。场地的大小、结构、空间的密度等，都对儿童游戏产生影响。由于学园分园户外玩水区场地不大，水槽位置相对固定、幼儿人数较多。在游戏中，幼儿自主分成三组搭接直线水渠管道引流到对面的菜圃里。其中第二组夹在两组中间，位置偏小，幼儿在搭接水管游戏中身体常会不经意碰倒水管，作为通道，其他两组幼儿在搬运材料时，难免会不小心碰倒水渠，干扰幼儿游戏。……