白晶芝 高欢 杨帆 周新刚 刘守伟 吴凤芝

摘要

為明确根系分泌物在番茄伴生分蘖洋葱Allium cepa var. agrogarum Don.体系中减轻番茄根结线虫病的作用，本研究以番茄Lycopersicon esculentum和分蘖洋葱为试材，通过双室试验及外源添加根系分泌物等方法，研究了根系分泌物对根结线虫死亡率、卵孵化率的影响以及根系分泌物对线虫的吸引率。结果表明，番茄单作分蘖洋葱伴生番茄双室系统中，分蘖洋葱伴生处理的土壤中线虫数量比番茄单作处理减少68.0%（P<0.05）;番茄单作分蘖洋葱单作的双室系统中，分蘖洋葱单作处理的土壤中线虫数量比番茄单作处理减少69.0%（P<0.05）。外源添加单作分蘖洋葱根系分泌物、伴生分蘖洋葱根系分泌物以及伴生体系中番茄和分蘖洋葱的根系分泌物初期，线虫死亡率能够显著提高34.5%～39.0%，卵孵化降低22.0%～53.2%，对线虫的吸引率降低10.9%～37.0%。研究结果为揭示伴生分蘖洋葱根系分泌物在减轻番茄根结线虫病中的作用奠定了基础。

关键词

分蘖洋葱; 伴生; 番茄; 根系分泌物; 根结线虫

中图分类号：

S 436.412

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020076

Effects of root exudates on rootknot nematodes in

tomatopotato onion interplant system

BAI Jingzhi#， GAO Huan#， YANG Fan， ZHOU Xingang， LIU Shouwei， WU Fengzhi*

（College of Horticulture and Landscape， Northeast Agricultural University， Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology

and Germplasm Creation in Northeast Region， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Harbin 150030， China）Abstract

In order to understand the role of root exudates in the inhibition of rootknot nematodes in tomatopotato onion interplant system， the effects of root exudates on the mortality， egg hatching rate and attraction rate of rootknot nematode were studied by using exogenous addition of activated carbon， doublechamber experiments and exogenous addition of root secretions. The results showed that in the double chamber system of tomato monoculturetomato intercropping with potato onion， the number of soil nematodes in tomatopotato onion intercropping treatment dramatically decreased by 68.0% （P<0.05） compared to that of tomato monoculture treatment. In the double chamber system of tomato monoculturepotato onion monoculture， the number of soil nematodes in the potato onion monoculture treatment was significantly decreased by 69.0% （P<0.05） compared to that of tomato monoculture treatment. The mortalities of nematodes was significantly increased by 34.5%-390%， the egg hatching rate was reduced by 22.0%-53.2%， and the attraction rate to nematodes was decreased by 10.9%-37.0% when potato onion root exudates from potato onion monoculture， tomatopotato onion intercropping system and root exudates of potato onion & tomato in intercropping systems were added. The study laid a foundation for revealing the mechanisms of the root exudates of potato onion in reducing tomato rootknot nematode disease.

Key words

potato onion; interplant; tomato; root exudates; rootknot nematodes

根结线虫Meloidogyne spp.的寄主植物范围在5 000种以上，全球每年由于根结线虫造成的作物损失超过1 000亿美元，根结线虫是威胁我国番茄Lycopersicon esculentum生产的主要病原线虫之一[12]。全国范围内主要有4种根结线虫对农作物造成危害，分别是南方根结线虫M.incognita、花生根结线虫M.arenaria、爪哇根结线虫M.javanica和北方根结线虫M.hapla[3]。随着农作物的集约化种植和长期连作，根结线虫病害愈加严重，防控难度逐渐增大。目前，防控根结线虫病主要有化学防治、物理防治、生物防治以及抗性育种。由于农业可持续发展需求和生产无公害绿色农产品需求的日益提高，化学防治受到限制。物理防治则由于耗能太大，不适用于大面积应用。生物防治受到土壤条件、成本、剂量及其他微生物的影响，其商业前景受到限制[4]。利用抗性育种是当前较常见的策略，其问题在于当前已克隆并且成功转育到栽培番茄材料中的抗性基因在土壤温度高于28℃时就会丧失抗性[5]。……