大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效
2021-06-29谢枫涂娟董方李小飞吴月坤金玲莉肖强
谢枫 涂娟 董方 李小飞 吴月坤 金玲莉 肖强



摘要 :采用大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1 038.60 mg/L,50%大蒜精油100~250倍液对灰茶尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1~2龄幼虫发生期喷施100~250倍液大蒜精油。这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低毒高效植物源药剂提供了依据。
关键词 :大蒜精油; 灰茶尺蠖; 室內毒力; 田间防效
中图分类号:
S 435.711
文献标识码: B
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020066
Toxicity test and field efficacy of Allium sativum oil against Ectropis grisescens
XIE Feng1, TU Juan1, DONG Fang1, LI Xiaofei1, WU Yuekun1, JIN Lingli1, XIAO Qiang2*
(1. Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200,
China; 2. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China)
Abstract
Toxicity of Allium sativum oil against Ectropis grisescens was measured in laboratory and field. The results indicated that 100-250 times dilution of 50% A.sativum oil showed high quick-acting and long-lasting effects against E.grisescens. Particularly, the corrected efficacy of each treatment gradually increased accompanying with the increase of A.sativum oil concentration, and the LC50value was 1 038.60 mg/L. The results provide valuable evidences for development of new green pesticide with high effect and low toxicity in tea production in future, and spraying of A.sativum oil (50%) with 100 to 250 dilution times were recommended for the control of the 1st or 2nd instar larvae of E. grisescens.
Key words
Allium sativum oil; Ectropis grisescens; toxicity test; field efficacy
灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens Warren属鳞翅目尺蛾科Geometridae昆虫,是我国江南、江北和华南茶区的一种主要食叶害虫,主要以幼虫取食叶片,将叶片咬成缺刻或孔洞,暴发时可几天内将叶片全部吃光,严重影响茶树树势,甚至造成茶树成片死亡。Zhang等[1]报道,灰茶尺蠖分布广泛,区域包括福建、安徽、浙江、湖南、湖北、广东、江西、广西、河南和江苏等大部分产茶省(区)。灰茶尺蠖繁殖速度快,且前期不易被发现,大部分绿色防控技术措施因速效性不佳导致推广困难,而化学防治因良好的速效性,目前仍是生产上防治灰茶尺蠖的最常用手段。但化学农药的长期不合理大量使用,对茶园生态平衡以及茶叶质量安全带来极大压力[2]。因此,研发安全、速效的环保型防治药剂势在必行。
大蒜精油为大蒜Allium sativum L.中提取的一种天然物质,主要成分为大蒜辣素、大蒜新素以及多种硫醚化合物[34],近年研究表明其对害虫具有驱避、触杀、熏蒸等抑制作用[59]。据白先丽等[6]报道,大蒜精油50倍液对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda的药后3 d防效高达91.92%。……
