王芳 陈佳斌 刘秉阳 牛浩 刘畅 何嘉 张蓉

摘要 ：为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量，开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明，1%甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高，50%噻虫嗪WG毒力最低，24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1 875.69 mg/L。5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐>啶虫脒>吡蚜酮>呋虫胺>噻虫嗪。田间试验结果表明，随着施药时间的延长，5种药剂不同剂量处理的虫口数量均显著下降，施药后7 d，各处理对枸杞棉蚜防效分别达94.13%～99.84%，且各剂量处理均对枸杞树安全。5种药剂推荐使用剂量分别为：5%啶虫脒EC 25.0 mg/L以上，30%呋虫胺SC 50.0～100.0 mg/L，50%噻虫嗪WG 100.0～125.0 mg/L，25%吡蚜酮WP 83.3～125.0 mg/L，1%甲维盐EC 5.6～8.3 mg/L。

关键词 ：杀虫剂; 枸杞棉蚜; 室内毒力测定; 田间防治效果

中图分类号：

S 482.3

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020105

Toxicity and field control efficacy of five insecticides against Aphis gossypii

WANG Fang， CHEN Jiabin， LIU Bingyang， NIU Hao， LIU Chang， HE Jia， ZHANG Rong*

（Institute of Plant Protection， Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan 750002， China）

Abstract

In order to explore the suitable dosage of five insecticides against Aphis gossypii Glover， toxicity bioassay and field efficacy trials were carried out. Toxicity test showed that emamectin benzoate 1% EC had the highest toxicity， with LC50 value of 2.44 mg/L after 24 h. Thiamethoxam 50% WG showed the lowest toxicity， with LC50value of 1875.69 mg/L after 24 h. The order of the toxicity of the five insecticides form high to low was emamectin benzoate， acetamiprid， pymetrozine， dinotefuran and thiamethoxam. Field efficacy trials showed that the effect of all tested insecticides increased with the extension of the time after application， the number of populations treated with different doses of five insecticides decreased significantly. The field control efficacies of five insecticides were 94.13%-99.84% seven days after application. All treatments of five insecticides were used safely in field. The recommended dosages of five insecticides were above 25.0 mg/L for acetamiprid 5% EC， 500-100.0 mg/L for dinotefuran 30% SC， 100.0-125.0 mg/L for thiamethoxam 50% WG， 83.3-125.0 mg/L for pymetrozine 25% WP and 5.6-8.3 mg/L for emamectin benzoate 1% EC.

Key words

insecticide; Aphis gossypii; toxicity test; field control efficacy

枸杞是我國传统的“药食同源”功能性药材[1]，具有无限花序多年生的特性，一直被作为优选的经济林栽种，连年成片的种植模式，加之产业快速发展，种植面积逐年扩大，致使枸杞成为病虫害种类多、受害重的作物之一[2]。棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是为害枸杞的蚜虫优势种[3]，在不同种植模式中均是重要成灾害虫[4]。棉蚜在枸杞主要种植区每年可发生14～19代[56]，常聚集在枸杞嫩梢、叶片、花蕾和果实等部位吸食组织汁液，造成刺吸部位变形萎缩，严重时可导致枸杞枝条生长点死亡、落花落果。棉蚜年发生代数多，繁殖能力强，扩散蔓延快，为害时间长，最高可使枸杞减产20%左右[8]。化学药剂防治一直是生产中的主要防控措施，随着防治次数和用药年限的增加，宁夏地区枸杞蚜虫对高效氯氰菊酯和吡虫啉已产生了极高水平抗性[9]。截至20……