唐涛 王帆帆 郭杰 段媛媛 郭晓亮 林先明 游景茂

摘要 ：利用室内毒力测定法测定了白术角担菌对12种生物源杀菌剂的敏感性，同时开展田间试验测定了7种生物源杀菌剂对白术根腐病的防治效果。结果表明：0.5%小檗碱水剂、0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂、1%蛇床子素水乳剂、3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂、0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂、80%大蒜素乳油和0.5%苦参碱水剂对角担菌的菌丝生长抑制率相对较高，其EC50均小于100 mg/L。在离体白术根茎上，0.5%小檗碱水剂、0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂和1%蛇床子素水乳剂对白术根腐病的保护和治疗作用较好，均在80%左右。田间试验结果表明：末次施药10 d和20 d后，0.5%小檗碱水剂、0.3%丁子香酚可溶性液剂和1%蛇床子素水乳剂对白术根腐病的防治效果均在70%。各生物药剂处理对白术生长无显著影响，无明显药害。

关键词 ：白术; 根腐病; 生物源杀菌剂; 角担菌; 防效

中图分类号：

S 482.28

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020098

Control effect of 12 kinds of biological fungicides on the root rot of

Atractylodes macrocephala

TANG Tao， WANG Fanfan， GUO Jie， DUAN Yuanyuan， GUO Xiaoliang， LIN Xianming*， YOU Jingmao*

（Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science， Enshi 445000， China）

Abstract

Sensitivity of Ceratobasidium sp. to 12 kinds of biological fungicides was measured in the laboratory， and control effects of seven biological fungicides on root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that berberine 0.5% AS， eugenol 0.3% SL， cnidiadin 1% EW， zhongshengmycin 3% WP， physcion 0.5% AS， garlicin 80% EC and matrine 0.5% AS could effectively inhibit the growth of Ceratobasidium sp.， with the EC50 values of less than 100 mg/L. The preventive efficacy and curative efficacy of berberine 0.5% AS， eugenol 0.3% SL and cnidiadin 1% EW was around 80%. Field trial demonstrated that berberine 0.5% AS， eugenol 0.3% SL and cnidiadin 1% EW had better control effect 10 d and 20 d after the final fungicides application， with the efficacy of around 70%. The biological fungicides had no significant effect on the growth of A.macrocephala and no obvious phytotoxicity on A.macrocephala.

Key words

Atractylodes macrocephala; root rot; biological fungicide; Ceratobasidium sp.; control effect

白術Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.为菊科苍术属植物，分布在我国江苏、湖北、安徽、浙江、江西、湖南、四川以及福建等地区[1]。白术的干燥根茎是大宗常用中药材之一，在多种古方中常见，具有燥湿利水、健脾益气、止汗、抗肿瘤、抗炎和安胎功效[2]。湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州是白术的主产区，有悠久的种植历史，种植规模逐年扩大[3]。You等报道由角担菌Ceratobasidium sp. 引起的白术根腐病导致白术平均减产40%左右，严重地块可达90%，且该病防治十分困难[4]。目前针对白术根腐病的主要防治措施仍然是化学防治，由于小宗作物登记药剂较少，无药可用现象严重[5]，造成了农药违规使用事件频发。……