依明江?图尔迪 郭佩佩 马少军 张以和 吾尔尼沙?卡得尔 羌松

摘要 ：为了筛选防治葡萄白粉病的绿色高效新型药剂和适宜的增效剂，以达到减量增效防病的目的，本研究选用10种杀菌剂对葡萄白粉病进行田间药效试验，同时评价5种增效剂对杀菌剂的减量增效作用。结果表明，20%氟唑菌酰羟胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂和29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂效果最好，对葡萄白粉病的防效分别为75.75%、6380%。在推荐剂量下Silwet 636、Silwet 806、Y-20079、杰效利等4种增效剂对29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂具有明显的增效作用，当减少30%药剂使用量或减少30%药液量时添加这4种增效剂的处理防效均优于单一药剂处理，其中Silwet 636表现最佳。推荐施用20%氟唑菌酰羟胺·苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂1 500倍液和29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂2 000倍液田间防治葡萄白粉病。在減30%药剂量或药液量条件下，在29%吡萘·嘧菌酯悬浮剂中添加Silwet636、Silwet 806、Y-20079、杰效利等增效剂也可达到同等或更优防效。

关键词 ：葡萄白粉病; 杀菌剂; 增效剂; 筛选; 增效作用

中图分类号：

S 482.2， S 482.91

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020104

Screening of novel fungicides for controlling powdery mildew of

grapes and synergistic effects of synergists

YIMINGJIANG Turdi1， GUO Peipei1， MA Shaojun1， ZHANG Yihe2， WERNISHA Kadir3， QIANG Song1*

（1. College of Agriculture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring andSafety Control

of Crops and Forests， Urumqi 830052， China; 2. Xinjiang Turpan Agricultural TechnologyExtension Center， Turpan

838000， China;

3. Xinjiang Turpan Agricultural Technology Extension Center， Turpan 838000， China）

Abstract

The aim of this research is to find the most efficient and environmentally friendly fungicide and its appropriate synergists for grape powdery mildew control. Ten fungicides and five synergists were evaluated in the field experiments. The results showed that the pydiflumetofen·difenoconazole 20% SC and isopyrazam·azoxystrobin 29% SC performed the best effects with control efficacies of 75.75% and 63.80%， respectively. The four synergists， Silwet 636， Silwet 806， Y-20079 and Jiexiaoli， have a significant synergistic effect on the isopyrazam·azoxystrobin 29% SC at the recommended dose. When reducing the application amount of fungicide by 30% or the amount of fungicide solution by 30%， the control effects of the fungicide plus each of the four synergists were all superior to that of the fungicide treatment alone， among which， the Silwet 636 showed best synergistic effect than other three. It is recommended to apply pydiflumetofen·difenoconazole 20% SC 1 500 times solution or isopyrazam·azosystrobin 29% SC 2 000 times solution to control grape powdery mildew in the field. The same effect could achieve when isopyrazam·azosystrobin 29% SC applied with Silwet 636， Silwet 806， Y-20079 and Jiexiaoli under the condition of reducing 30% dosage or fungicide solution.

Key words

grape powdery mildew; fungicide; synergist; screening; synergistic effect

葡萄白粉病是由葡萄白粉菌Uncinula necator （Schw.） Burr.引起的一种世界性病害。U.necator属子囊菌亚门核菌纲白粉菌目钩丝壳属。感染白粉病的葡萄会出现叶片黄化脱落，组织硬化并停止生长，严重时部分病果开裂，种子裸露，葡萄品质和产量受到严重影响[13]。一直以来，化学防治是防治葡萄白粉病的主要措施[45]。进入20世纪后期，保护与治疗性兼备的内吸性三唑类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂被广泛运用于葡萄白粉病的防治上[6]。但随着作用位点单一的内吸性杀菌剂的大量使用，病菌产生抗药性的现象频频被报道[78]。……