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5省市主栽葡萄的果实病害及防治调查

2021-06-29王宇杨畅杨晓善文辉杨芳王琦

植物保护 2021年3期

王宇 杨畅 杨晓 善文辉 杨芳 王琦

摘要 :本研究在云南、四川、贵州、陕西、重庆5个省(市)共18个县市进行葡萄酸腐病、炭疽病和黑曲霉病害调查,调查发现,5省市葡萄酸腐病发生严重,在陕西省和重庆市部分地区发病率可达到35%以上;葡萄炭疽病发病率最高的地区是四川省成都市和重庆市璧山县,其发病率分别达到49.0%和45.0%,并且重庆市璧山县炭疽病的病情指数高达32.6;葡萄黑曲霉病发生普遍,陕西省西安市、四川省、重庆市发病率均高于20.0%,其中陕西省西安市发病率已达46.0%。5省市针对葡萄病害防治药剂主要集中在18种杀菌剂,主要防治葡萄炭疽病、白腐病、灰霉病和白粉病,酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防治技术比较缺失。通过调查,期望给当地提供合理的病害防控及药剂选择建议。

关键词 :葡萄; 病害调查; 炭疽病; 酸腐病; 黑曲霉病

中图分类号:

S 436.631

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020061

Investigation report on major grape diseases and control in

five provinces and municipality

WANG Yu1, YANG Chang1, YANG Xiao1, SHAN Wenhui1, YANG Fang2, WANG Qi1*

(1. College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Sino Green Agri-Biotech Co., Ltd. Beijing 102101, China)

Abstract

Occurrence of grape sour rot, ripe rot and black Aspergilli was investigated in 18 counties and cities in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Chongqing. The results showed that sour rot occurred in five provinces(municipality), and the incidence rate in Shaanxi and Chongqing was over 35%. The highest incidence of grape ripe rot was 49.0% in Chengdu, Sichuan province, and 45.0% in Bishan, Chongqing city, and the disease index of grape ripe rot in Bishan, Chongqing municipality was as high as 32.6%. The occurrence of grape black Aspergilli was common, with the incidence of over 20% in Sichuan and Chongqing and 46.0% in Xian, Shaanxi. 18 kinds of fungicides have been applied to control grape diseases in five provinces (municipality), mainly including grape ripe rot, white rot, gray mold and powdery mildew, which the control technology for sour rot and black Aspergilli is relatively lacking. Through the survey, it is expected to provide reasonable suggestions for the prevention and control of disease and the choice of fungicides.

Key words

grape; disease investigation; ripe rot; sour rot; black Aspergilli

葡萄是我國重要的经济作物,随着种植技术的提高,管理模式的规范化,葡萄的种植面积逐年攀升,种植品种也更趋向于多元化[1]。据国际葡萄与葡萄酒组织(OIV)统计,中国葡萄种植面积达79.9万hm2,成为全球第二大葡萄种植国[2]。由于不同地区葡萄生长环境、葡萄品种的差异,葡萄病害发生的症状也更加多变。近年来,由于各种病害造成的经济损失也越来越严重。葡萄果实病害主要有以下几类:灰霉病、炭疽病、白腐病、酸腐病等。

据报道,云南、四川、贵州、陕西、重庆5省市葡萄果实主要病害为酸腐病和炭疽病[34]。葡萄酸腐病(grape sour rot)是……

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