陈琦 段云 侯艳红 刘迪 范志业 沈海龙 陈莉 李雷雷 王文豪 段宸宇 黄建荣 李世民

摘要 ：为明确农业迁飞性蛾类害虫在我国迁飞过渡带地区的种群动态。2015年—2019年，在河南省漯河市利用高空探照灯对迁飞性蛾类害虫进行监测。结果表明，5年诱集的主要迁飞性蛾类害虫共计7种70 026头，其中夜蛾科主要包括棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera （Hübner）、黏虫Mythimna separata （Walker）、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua （Hübner）、小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon （Rottemberg）、二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone （Mschler）和草地贪夜蛾Sfrugiperda （J.E.Smith），螟蛾科主要包括稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée，不同种类间年诱虫量差异较大。从5年的诱虫总量来看，棉铃虫和黏虫为优势种;小地老虎、二点委夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾为丰盛种;稻纵卷叶螟为常见种。混合种群发生盛期在5月下旬至6月中旬、7月中旬至8月下旬、8月下旬至9月下旬。棉铃虫每年形成4个高峰期，其中8月-9月（第3代和第4代）诱蛾量最大，占5年诱虫量的80.11%。黏虫有3个发生高峰期，分别在5月下旬至6月中旬、7月中旬和9月中旬。草地貪夜蛾于2019年8月15日灯下首见，和其他6种蛾类当年同期诱虫数量比较，为常见种。

关键词 ：迁飞性蛾类; 高空探照灯; 棉铃虫; 黏虫; 发生盛期; 草地贪夜蛾

中图分类号：

S 433.4文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020078

Monitoring and analysis of migratory moths trapped by the

searchlight in Luohe， Henan province

CHEN Qi1， DUAN Yun2， HOU Yanhong1， LIU Di1， FAN Zhiye1， SHEN Hailong1，

CHEN Li1， LI Leilei1， WANG Wenhao1， DUAN Chenyu3， HUANG Jianrong2*， LI Shimin1*

（1. Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences， National Agricultural Observing and Experimental Station for Plant Protection in Yancheng， Henan Province， Luohe 462300， China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection， Henan Academy

of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou 450002， China; 3. Wuyang Meteorological Service， Luohe City， Henan Province， Luohe 462400， China）

Abstract

In order to observe the population dynamics of migratory moths across the transition zone in China， migratory moths were monitored by searchlight trap at the base of Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences， from 2015 to 2019. Totally 70 026 flying moths belonged to seven species in two family （Noctuidae and Pyralidae） were trapped. The main species of Noctuidae were Helicoverpa armigera （Hübner）， Mythimna separata （Walker）， Spodoptera exigua （Hübner），Agrotis ipsilon （Rottemberg）， Athetis lepigone （Mschler） and S. frugiperda （J.E.Smith）. The main species of Pyralidae was Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. There was great difference of annual total numbers among different month species. According to the number of migratory moths trapped in five years， the dominant species were H.armigera and M.separata. The abundant species were S.exigua， A.ipsilon and A.lepigone. C.medinalis was a common species. The emergence peaks of mixed population were in late May to middle June， middle July to late August and late August to late September. Four peaks of H.armigera were formed every year. More trapping number，80.11% of all the numbers of five-year trapped， was found from August to September （the third and fourth generation）， and the generations overlapped obviously. The peaks of M.separata were in late May to middle June， middle July and middle September， respectively. S.frugiperda was first trapped by the searchlight on August 15， 2019. Compared with other six moths in the same period in 2019， it was thought as a common species.

Key words

migratory moth; searchlight; Helicoverpa armigera; Mythimna separata; emergence peak; Spodoptera frugiperda

遷飞是昆虫对栖息地资源发生季节性或偶然性变化时进化出的一种适应性对策[1]。昆虫通过远距离迁飞可以躲避不良环境，而最大限度地利用自然资源繁衍种群[2]。迁飞性害虫以其突发性、暴发性和毁灭性的特点始终威胁着我国的粮食安全[34]。近年来，草地螟Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus、黏虫Mythimna separata （Walker）和稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée等重大害虫在我国频繁发生和大面积暴发[58]，其迁飞致灾问题十分突出，已成为影响我国粮食产量和品质的主要因素之一。……