沈志杰 房明华 洪文英 刘涛 沃林峰 孙媛 蓝陈仪航 邓建宇

摘要 ：梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta （Busck）是桃、梨果园中最重要的食心害虫之一，仅依据往年的发生期和田间为害特征来指导防治具有滞后性。而性信息素具有高效、专一性强的特点，可用于准确监测其成虫发生情况，以此推测成虫的卵高峰期和幼虫初孵期，科学地指导防治。本研究在3个不同生境果园中，利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫周年发生动态。结果表明：2019年在杭州余杭地区3个不同生境果园，包括越冬代在内，平地桃园和平地梨园的梨小食心虫成虫发生7代，而坡地桃园只有6代。成虫始见于3月中旬，终见于10月下旬;3个果园由于生境不同，同一世代梨小食心虫高峰期发生时间和各世代高峰期间隔时间不尽相同。因此在不同生境果园利用性信息素监测梨小食心虫成虫发生动态，有助于指导果园的适期防治。

关键词 ：梨小食心虫; 监测; 不同生境果园; 种群动态; 高峰期

中图分类号：

S 436.612.22， S 433.4

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020044

Differences of adult peak periods of each generation of male oriental fruit moth，

Grapholita molesta （Busck） in different habitat orchards

SHEN Zhijie1， FANG Minghua2， HONG Wenying3， LIU Tao2， WO Linfeng2， SUN Yuan1，

LAN Chenyihang1， DENG Jianyu1*

（1.College of Agriculture and Food Science， Zhejiang A & F University， Hangzhou 311300， China;

2. Hangzhou Foundation Seed Farm of Zhejiang Province， Hangzhou 311115， China;

3. Hangzhou Plant Centre for Agricultural Technology Extension， Zhejiang Province， Hangzhou 310020， China）

Abstract

Grapholita molesta （Busck） is one of the most important fruit-boring pests in peach and pear orchards. Merely depending on calendars and the insect-damaged symptom in the field， the fruit farmers could not apply pesticide in time. Sex pheromone can be applied in monitoring the occurrence of male G.molesta adults because of its high efficiency and strong selectivity， hence peaks of egg laying and periods of newly hatched larvae can be predicted. Sex pheromones were used to monitor the population dynamic of male G.molesta adults in three orchards with different habitats in Yuhang district， Hangzhou in 2019. The results showed that there were seven generations of G.molesta adults both in a flat ground peach orchard and a flat ground pear orchard， and six generations in a sloping ground peach orchard in 2019. The adults were first trapped in mid of March and disappeared in late October. The peak period of G.molesta in the same generation and the peak interval of different generations were not the same. Therefore， it was of great significance to set up the pheromone-based monitoring of G.molesta for the pest control in different habitat orchards.

Key words

Grapholita molesta; monitoring; orchards with different habitats; population dynamic; peak period

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta （Busck）属鳞翅目，卷蛾科，小食心虫属，是一种重要的食心害虫，其寄主范围较广，包括桃、梨、樱桃、李、杏、苹果等许多果树，主要以幼虫蛀入嫩梢和果实，形成蛀梢、蛀果，造成减产。梨小食心虫是浙江桃园最主要的蛀果害虫，占比达到95%以上[1]。我国除西藏外，梨小食心虫广泛分布于各水果产区，北至黑龙江，南至广东，1年发生3～7代不等[2]，并且在日本、美国东西部、欧洲中西部、澳大利亚南部等地區水果产区均有为害[3]。……