刘志达 王娜 柳慧卿 张键 赵君

摘要 ：向日葵列当是一种全寄生的种子植物，对向日葵生产造成严重的影响，而选育抗列当品种是目前防控向日葵列当最为有效的防控措施。由于向日葵列当种群存在生理小种分化现象，因此明确不同地区的向日葵列当生理小种的类型以及分布对于抗列当品种的布局非常重要。本研究利用国际通用的向日葵列当生理小种鉴别寄主，对阴山北麓地区的武川县和四子王旗共计7个向日葵地块中采集的列当种子的生理小种进行了鉴定，结果表明除了呼和浩特市武川县头号村采集的向日葵列当样本为E小种外，其他6个不同地点采集到的向日葵列当样本均鉴定为G小种。为了更好地对向日葵品种抗列当水平进行准确的评价，本研究选择了已经鉴定为E、F和G三个小种类型的向日葵列当的样本进行了单株纯化以及扩繁。扩繁得到的列当的种子将用于准确评价向日葵不同的育种材料和品种对列当不同生理小种的抗性水平。

关键词 ：向日葵列当; 生理小种鉴定; 单株纯化和扩繁

中图分类号：

S 435.655

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020077

Identification of physiological races of broomrape from north piedmont of

Yinshan Mountain and seeds purification from single

plant of sunflower broomrape

LIU Zhida， WANG Na， LIU Huiqing， ZHANG Jian， ZHAO Jun*

（College of Horticulture and Plant Protection， Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， Hohhot 010018， China）

Abstract

Orobanche cumana is a kind of parasitic seed plant which has serious impacts on sunflower production. The most effective prevention and control measure is to select and breed sunflower resistant varieties. However， due to the rapid evolution of sunflower population， there is a phenomenon of physiological race differences， so it is very important to determine the level and distribution of physiological races in different regions. In this study， the physiological races of the seeds collected from seven sunflower plots in Wuchuan and Siziwang Banner in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain were identified by using the identification hosts of the international common physiological races of sunflower. The results showed that the samples collected from six different locations were all identified as race G except that the samples collected from Touhao village in Wuchuan county was race E. In order to better evaluate the resistance level of sunflower varieties， three types of sunflower broomrape race， i.e.， E， F and G， were selected for purification from a single plant. The purified seeds were multiplied for subsequent evaluation of resistance for different physiological varieties and breeding materials.

Key words

Orobanche cumana; identification of physiological races; purification and propagation of single plant

向日葵Helianthus annuus L.是中國第三大油料作物，种植面积达115万hm2，总产量299万t[1]。内蒙古和新疆是我国向日葵的主产区，两地向日葵的产量占到全国总产量的72.5%以上[2]。向日葵作为内蒙古种植面积最大的油料作物，每年种植面积约为60万hm2，因此，向日葵生产对于内蒙古地区经济可持续发展具有重要意义[3]。

1959年在我国黑龙江省肇州县首次发现向日葵列当[4]。……