徐哲 刘太国 刘博 高利 陈万权

摘要 ：为明确自然发病条件下我国小麦主产区小麦籽粒镰刀菌毒素污染情况，用超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪（UPLC-MS/MS）测定了长江中下游冬麦组（CZX）、黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组（HNS）、黄淮冬麦区北片水地组（HBS）、北部冬麦区水地组（BBS）180份小麦样品中DON、3ADON、15ADON、T-2、HT-2和ZEN共6种镰刀菌毒素含量并对其进行比较分析。结果显示：来自CZX小麦籽粒中的DON、3ADON与ZEN毒素含量显著高于其他麦区;T-2毒素在CZX小麦籽粒中含量显著低于其他麦区;15ADON毒素含量在HNS与CZX、HBS与BBS以及CZX与BBS差异不显著，其他麦区间该毒素含量差异显著，15ADON在HNS含量最高;检出率方面，HT-2毒素均未检出;ZEN、3ADON检出率较低，DON、15ADON和T-2毒素的检出率较高。

关键词 ：超高效液相色谱串联质谱; 镰刀菌毒素; 小麦

中图分类号：

S 435.121.45

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020045

Determination and contamination analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in

wheat grains from four different wheat regions

XU Zhe1，2， LIU Taiguo1，2，3*， LIU Bo1， GAO Li1， CHEN Wanquan1，3*

（1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests， Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China; 2. Key Laboratory of Biological Hazard Factors （Plant Source） Control of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Beijing 100193， China; 3. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu， Gansu Province， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Tianshui 741200， China）

Abstract

To clarify the contamination level of Fusarium mycotoxins in major wheat-producing zones under natural infected condition in China， ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometery was used to detect six kinds of mycotoxins including DON，3ADON，15ADON，T-2，HT-2 and ZEN in 180 wheat cultivars， which come from the winter wheat of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River （CZX）， the irrigated winter wheat in south of Huang-Huai region （HNS）， the irrigated winter wheat in north of Huang-Huai region （HBS）， the irrigated winter wheat in north of China（BBS）. The results showed the contamination of DON， 3ADON and ZEN toxins in CZX was significantly higher than that in other regions， and the contamination of T-2 toxin from CZX was lower than that in other regions. There was no significant difference in the contamination of 15ADON toxin between HNS and CZX， HBS and BBS， CZX and BBS， while there was significant difference between the other wheat regions. The contamination of 15ADON toxin was highest in HSN. HT-2 toxin was not detected. The detection rate of ZEN and 3ADON was relatively low， while that of DON， 15ADON and T-2 toxin was high.

Key words

UPLC-MS/MS; Fusarium mycotoxin; wheat

小麥赤霉病又叫麦穗枯、烂麦头等[1]，是由亚洲镰刀菌Fusarium asiaticum和禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum引起的一种典型的气候性病害，主要发生于我国长江中下游麦区和东北东部春麦区等温暖湿润地区[2]，近年来在我国黄淮海麦区的发生也逐渐加重。赤霉病的发生频率与危害范围逐年增加，在赤霉病暴发年份，小麦产量损失严重，并且残留在小麦中的镰刀菌毒素对食品产生严重污染，危害人畜健康[3]。小麦赤霉病菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEN），T-2（[3-hydroxy-4-15-diacetoxy-8ct-（3-methyl butyryloxy） 12，13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene]）和HT-2（T-2的脱乙酰形式，是T-2的主要代谢产物）这4种镰刀菌毒素对小麦污染情况最为严重[4]。

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇又名呕吐毒素，人畜误食DON污染的食物会产生发烧、呕吐、反应迟钝等中毒症状[5]，DON还具有很强的细胞毒性，破坏种子的细胞结构，对人类的细胞周期产生影响[6]，诱发恶性肿瘤等疾病。……