乔精松 彭德良 刘慧 冯晓东 高海峰 李广阔 胡先奇 彭焕

摘要 ：甜菜孢囊線虫Heterodera schachtii是严重危害甜菜生产的主要病原物，每年造成严重的经济损失，该线虫是我国对外重要的检疫性有害生物。本研究通过对十字花科、茄科、葫芦科、锦葵科、豆科、苋科和禾本科等16种作物29个品种进行人工接种，对其主要的寄主范围和生活史进行了测定。结果表明，甜菜孢囊线虫2龄幼虫能够侵染除小麦和玉米以外的其他14种作物25个品种，在苋科的甜菜和菠菜、茄科的番茄及十字花科等16个品种的根系能够完成生活史，形成白雌虫和孢囊。生活史调查发现，甜菜孢囊线虫接种到甜菜和油菜15 d和12 d后即可发育形成白雌虫，30 d后形成孢囊;而接种到西瓜根系后，不能正常发育，一直保持2龄幼虫虫态，无法完成生活史。上述结果表明甜菜孢囊线虫能够在甜菜、菠菜、番茄和十字花科作物上寄生，但是在不同寄主上的生活史存在一定的差异，其结果将为非寄主轮作防控甜菜孢囊线虫提供理论基础。

关键词 ：甜菜孢囊线虫; 寄主范围; 生活史

中图分类号：

S 435.663

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020030

The host range and life history of sugarbeet cyst nematode

Heterodera schachtii in China

QIAO Jingsong1， PENG Deliang2， LIU Hui3， FENG Xiaodong3， GAO Haifeng4， LI Guangkuo4，

HU Xianqi1*， PENG Huan2，4*

（1. College of Plant Protection， State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources，

Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming 650201，China; 2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases

and Insect Pests， Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing

100193，China; 3.National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center， Beijing 100125，China;

4. Institute of Plant Protection， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest

Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Urumqi 830091， China）

Abstract

Sugarbeet cyst nematode （Heterodera schachtii） is one of the main pathogens that seriously harm sugar beet production， causing serious economic losses every year， and it is also an important quarantine pest in China. In this study， 29 varieties of 16 crops， including Brassicaceae， Solanaceae， Cucurbitaceae， Malvaceae， Fabaceae， Amaranthaceae and Poaceae， were artificially inoculated in an isolated greenhouse， and their main host range and life history were investigated. The results showed that the second juveniles of sugarbeet cyst nematode could infect the roots of 25 varieties of 14 crops except wheat and corn. White females and cysts formed in the roots of 16 varieties of crops， such as sugar beet，spinach， tomato and all Brassicaceae plants. The life history investigation showed that the white females formed at 15 d and 12 d after inoculation of sugar beet and rape， and the cysts were found 30 days later， while on the root system of watermelon， the second juveniles remained undeveloped and could not complete their life cycle. The above results suggested that sugarbeet cyst nematode could parasitize sugar beet， spinach， tomato and cruciferous crops， but there were some differences in their life histories on different hosts. The results provide a theoretical basis for non-host rotation control of sugarbeet cyst nematode.

Key words

sugarbeet cyst nematodes; host range; life history

甜菜孢囊线虫Heterodera schachtii是严重危害甜菜生产的主要病原物之一，每年造成严重的经济损失，欧洲甜菜种植区每年由于甜菜孢囊线虫危害造成的损失超过9 000万欧元[1]。在德国西部每年有超过1/4的甜菜地遭受该线虫侵害;在英国，甜菜孢囊线虫危害感病品种能造成30%～40%的产量损失，年经济损失超过380万英镑，严重威胁着当地甜菜种植和制糖业的发展;在伊朗的甜菜种植区甜菜孢囊线虫发生普遍，造成严重减产[13]。……