丁伟 辛睿滢

摘要 ：莠去津是玉米田应用的优秀除草剂品种，然而由于其在土壤中残留时间长，常对轮作后茬敏感作物造成严重毒害。采用生物修复菌肥做种肥、结合菌肥拌种和叶面喷施方法，研究对玉米后茬旱直播水稻生长发育及药害修复机理，对土壤中莠去津残留量、水稻生长和生理指标、土壤酶活性进行测定。结果表明：颗粒菌肥做种肥+粉剂菌肥拌种+水剂菌肥叶面喷施是莠去津土壤残留毒害修复的最佳方法，土壤中莠去津含量在喷施菌肥后7 d从施用菌肥前的0.9 mg/kg下降到0.1 mg/kg，水稻叶片叶绿素含量显著增加33.74%，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶酶活性分别显著提高23.39%和92.57%，丙二醛含量则显著降低48.01%;水稻株高、地上部鲜重、干重分别比对照显著增加22.33%、67.51%和74.80%，根系鲜重和干重分别比对照显著增加33.98%和55.43%;土壤磷酸酶、脲酶及纖维素酶含量分别显著增加49.17%、528.65%和35.21%。

关键词 ：莠去津; 生物修复菌肥; 旱直播水稻; 抗逆酶; 土壤酶

中图分类号：

S 156.6

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020391

The mechanism and field application effect of bacterial fertilizers for

bioremediation of atrazine residues in soil

DING Wei*， XIN Ruiying

（College of Agriculture， Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin 150030， China）

Abstract

Atrazine is an excellent herbicide applied in maize fields. However， it often causes serious toxicity to sensitive crops after rotation due to its long residual time in soil. Using bacterial fertilizer as seed fertilizer， combined with seed dressing and foliar spraying， the growth of succeeding dry direct seeding rice after corn， and the repair mechanism of herbicide damage were studied， and the residue of atrazine in soil， growth and physiological indices of rice and enzyme activity in soil were measured. The results showed that the treatment using seed dressing with bacterial powder+repairing bacterial fertilizer as seed fertilizer+foliar spraying of bacterial solution was the best way to reduce the soil residual toxicity of atrazine. Seven days after application the content of atrazine in soil decreased from 0.9 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg. The chlorophyll content， superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity in the rice leaves increased by 33.74%， 23.39%， 92.57%， respectively， while the content of malondialdehyde decreased by 48.01%， compared with the control. The growth indices and quality of rice were also improved significantly： the plant height， fresh weight and dry weight of shoots increased by 22.33%， 67.51% and 74.80%seven days after application， and the fresh weight and dry weight of roots increased by 33.98% and 55.43% compared with the control， respectively. Concurrently， the content of soil phosphatase， urease and cellulase increased by 49.17%， 528.65% and 35.21%， respectively.

Key words

atrazine; bacterial fertilizer; dry direct seeding rice; stress-resistant enzyme; soil enzyme

莠去津是三嗪类内吸性除草剂，生产成本低、除草效果好[1]，但其在土壤中的流动性较高且残效期长[23]，易对后茬敏感作物产生药害和造成环境污染[45]。在治理莠去津残留毒害的过程中，生物修复以操作简便和无二次污染等优点，成为众多治理方法中的首选[6]。

目前国内外已有多种莠去津降解菌的筛选及生物修复效果报道[78]，但都是在实验室内利用菌株对含莠去津的土壤或水进行纯培养降解试验，没有考虑作物和田间环境条件对降解效果的影响，研究结果尚无法应用于田间。……