摘 要：随着市场经济发展水平的上升，作为上层建筑的民事诉讼事业也随之发展。法院调解制度作为促进社会主义和谐社会发展的制度之一，在日渐复杂的社会环境中显得愈加重要。我国目前的“调审合一”模式的诉讼制度弊端初显：自愿原则在法官权威威吓之下难以遵循;调解立法缺失，使法院调解现状与其重要性不符;法官既主持裁判又主持调解，双重身份使其难以保持中立;调判关系混乱，难以在调解和判决之间寻找平衡点，一系列漏洞使得现存的法院调解制度渐渐不适应新的社会环境。为使法院调解制度更好地服务于建设和谐社会的大局，我们需要改革法院调解制度，学习和借鉴国外法院调解制度，结合我国的国情，进一步完善调解立法，规范调解行为，逐步建立调审适当分离的法院调解模式势在必行。

关键词：调解制度;调审合一;调审分离

中图分类号：D262.6    文献标识码：A    DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.02.016

On the Recollection & Reconstruction of the Court Mediation System

LU Chang-ming

（China Customs Administration Cadre College， Qinhuangdao 066000，China）

Abstract：As the swift development of Market Economy， the career of civil action developing with it as the superstructure. As one of the systems which promote  the development of harmonious socialist society， the courts mediation system is more significant in complex social environment. Some disadvantages arise in the current lawsuit system of “integration of mediation and trial” mode. The principle of voluntariness is difficult to follow under the authority of the judge; the lack of mediation legislation makes the status quo of court mediation inconsistent with its importance; the judges dual identity of presiding over both judgment and mediation makes it difficult to maintain neutrality; the relationship between mediation and judgment is chaotic， it is difficult to find a balance between mediation and judgment， and there are a series of loopholes. In order to make the court mediation system better serve the overall situation of building a harmonious society， we need to reform the court mediation system， learn from the foreign court mediation system， combined with Chinas national conditions， further improve the mediation legislation， standardize the mediation behavior， and gradually establish the court mediation mode with appropriate separation of mediation and trial.

Key words：court mediation system;scheme of mixing mediation with examination;doctrine of separating mediation from examination

法院调解制度，是我国诉讼纠纷解决制度中的重要组成部分，是构建多元化纠纷解决机制必不可少的成分。近年来，我国民事诉讼事业的不断发展，在制定《中华人民共和国民法典》时也不断完善法院调解的内容，盡管如此，我国法院调解制度还是有诸多漏洞亟待填补。构建完善的法院调解制度，有利于民事诉讼事业的发展，有利于公众纠纷的解决，维护社会和谐稳定，维护社会公共秩序，因此必须改革我国当前的法院调解模式，构建适合国情的新制度，以解决在新经济形势之下的新型社会纠纷。……