江永洪 张银丹

摘 要：综合陕西各地级市2019年度截面数据及中国城市竞争力比较评估指标体系，可以构建出陕西省地级市发展现状评价指标体系，进而分别采用因子分析法和聚类分析法揭示各个城市竞争力水平，寻找提升空间和短板。研究结果表明：西安在总体得分上远远领先其他，陕西省地级市发展水平呈现一支独大与两极分化严重态势;安康和商洛处于全面落后状态，因而需要全方位提升和向北融合发展;榆林、渭南、咸阳和宝鸡存在彼此间优势不明显而后期相互快速追赶超越的可能。因此，未来陕西经济高质量发展需要各地区走优势特色发展与融合发展之路。

关键词：竞争力评价;因子分析;聚类分析;地级市

中图分类号：F127    文献标识码：A    DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.02.002

Competitiveness Evaluation and Promotion Countermeasures of

Prefecture Level Cities in Shaanxi Province

——Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

JIANG Yong-hong1，2，ZHANG Yin-dan1

（1.Shaanxi Institute of International Trade&Commerce， School of International Economy， Xian 712021，China; 2.School of Economics and Finance， Xian Jiaotong University， Xian 710061，China）

Abstract：The article selects the cross-sectional data of 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi in 2019， and builds an evaluation index system for the development status of ten prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi Province based on the comparative evaluation index system of Chinas urban competitiveness， and then adopts factor analysis and cluster analysis respectively reveal the level of competitiveness of each city， looking for improvement space and shortcomings. The results of the study show that Xian is far ahead of the other nine cities in overall scores， and the development level of 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi shows a dominant and polarized situation; Ankang and Shangluo are in a state of lagging behind， so they need to improve their Integration and development to the north; Yulin， Weinan， Xianyang and Baoji all have unobvious advantages and the possibility of catching up and surpassing quickly later. Therefore， the high-quality development of Shaanxis economy in the future requires each region to take the path of advantageous and characteristic development and integrated development.

Key words：competitiveness evaluation; factor analysis; cluster analysis; prefecture-level city

近年來，随着国家战略的一系列调整，城市群建设和城市高质量发展成为21世纪第三个十年的主基调。中国经济发展经历了从最初的计划经济时期优先发展工业、沿海开放城市和经济特区建设到西部开发、中部崛起，从长三角、珠三角、成渝城市群、京津冀协同发展、振兴东北工业基地到从各地开发区建设、产业园建设，自贸区建设，从五大经济带到国家中心城市、城市群建设。实践证明，城市从来都是经济发展的中心和枢纽，是人才聚集地、外贸中心、政治中心、产业集聚地。因而通过城市圈、城市群建设推动和连接整个区域经济，逐步形成以点带面的网状结构，是经济高质量发展的必然选择。……