邓灵斌 肖洪伟

摘 要 在國家创新发展过程中，科学研究、产业发展、政府决策越来越依赖于科学数据及对其分析的能力。在推动科学数据应用的过程中，加快开放和共享是核心问题，而加强科学数据共享意愿则是其中的关键。为了证实这一关键，本研究以计划行为理论和社会影响理论为基础，构建了科学数据共享意愿的理论模型。采用问卷调查收集数据，利用SPSS24.0检验模型假设，并对验证结果进行了分析，结果表明，互惠关系和人际信任对共享态度有积极影响，主观规范和共享态度对共享意愿有积极影响。文章最后对如何促进科研人员之间的数据共享提出建议。

关键词 科学数据 数据共享 共享意愿 计划行为理论 社会影响理论

分类号 G252

DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2021.05.003

The Empirical Research on the Willingness of Scientific Data Sharing Among Scientific Researchers in Chinese Universities

Deng Lingbin， Xiao Hongwei

Abstract Scientific research， industrial development， and government decision-making rely more and more on scientific data and its ability to analyze. In the process of promoting the application of scientific data， accelerating openness and sharing is the core issue; at the same time， strengthening scientific data sharing willingness is the key factor. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the theory of social influence， this study constructs a theoretical model of the willingness to share scientific data. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the model hypothesis was tested using SPSS 24.0. Finally， the verification results were analyzed and suggestions were made on how to promote data sharing among researchers. The empirical analysis shows that reciprocal relationship and interpersonal trust have a positive impact on sharing attitudes， and subjective norms and sharing attitudes have a positive impact on sharing willingness.

Keywords Scientific data. Data sharing. Sharing willingness. Theory of planned behavior. Social impact theory.

Abstract Scientific research， industrial development， and government decision-making rely more and more on scientific data and its ability to analyze. In the process of promoting the application of scientific data， accelerating openness and sharing is the core issue; at the same time， strengthening scientific data sharing willingness is the key factor. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the theory of social influence， this study constructs a theoretical model of the willingness to share scientific data. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the model hypothesis was tested using SPSS 24.0. Finally， the verification results were analyzed and suggestions were made on how to promote data sharing among researchers. The empirical analysis shows that reciprocal relationship and interpersonal trust have a positive impact on sharing attitudes， and subjective norms and sharing attitudes have a positive impact on sharing willingness.

Keywords Scientific data. Data sharing. Sharing willingness. Theory of planned behavior. Social impact theory.

大数据时代，科学数据已成为支撑国家创新发展的珍贵资产和战略资源。随着我国科技投入的不断增长，各类科学研究、产业发展、政府决策等需要建立在对科学数据的分析和应用基础之上，使科学数据呈现出“井喷式”增长。为了不断提升科技创新能力，持续汇聚和整合本国乃至全球科学数据资源，有必要在推動科学数据应用的过程中，加快科学数据开放和共享，这是加强和规范科学数据管理的核心问题。我国首部关于科学数据管理与共享的法律规范——《科学数据管理办法》已于2018年3月17日正式发布实施，这对加强与促进我国科学数据管理的法制化、提高科学数据的安全、共享保障具有重要意义[1]。……