王翠丽 陈亮 彭钊 杨世梅 张靖 张想平 陈志国

摘要 [目的]在干旱半干旱的甘肃河西地区开展不同覆膜方式对设施茄子生长发育及产量的影响试验，探究不同覆膜方式在设施大棚茄子栽培中的实用性及应用效果。[方法]以品种“兰杂5号”为试材，研究3种覆膜方式（T1起垄沟底覆单层膜、T2起垄沟上覆单层膜、T3覆双层膜）对茄子生长发育及产量的影响，以CK不覆膜为对照。[结果]与对照相比，茄子生长前期T1处理叶绿素含量最低，而生长中、后期T2处理叶绿素含量最低。整个生育期，T3处理茄子株高、茎粗、光合速率及产量均为最高，T2处理最低;T3处理产量31 383.30 kg/hm2，较T1和T2处理分别增产57.79%和10.90%。[结论]覆双层膜方式能够有效促进设施茄子的生长及提高产量，可作为甘肃河西地区设施茄子的一种栽培模式。

关键词 茄子;覆膜灌溉;产量

中图分类号 S641.1 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0185-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.051

Abstract [Objective] To carry out the experiment on the effects of different film mulching methods on the growth，development and yield of facility eggplants in the arid and semi-arid Hexi region of Gansu， and study the practicability and application effect of facility eggplants in greenhouse cultivation. [Method]Taking “Lanza No. 5” as test materials， the effects of three mulching irrigation methods （T1 on furrow bottom，T2 single-layer film above the furrow， T3 double-layer film） on the growth，development and yield of eggplant were studied，with CK（no film mulching） as control. [Result]In the early stage of eggplant， the chlorophyll content of T1 treatment was the lowest compared with the control， the chlorophyll content in T2 treatment was the lowest in the middle and late stages. During the whole growth period， the plant height， stem diameter， photosynthetic rate and yield of eggplant in T3 treatment were the highest， and those in T2 treatment were the lowest. The yield of T3 treatment was 31 383.30 kg/hm2， which increased by 57.79% and 10.90% than that of T1 and T2， respectively. [Conclusion]The double-layer film irrigation method can effectively promote the growth and increase the yield of facility eggplant， and can be used as a cultivation model of facility eggplant in Hexi Region of Gansu Province.

Key words Eggplant;Mulching irrigation;Yield

甘肅省河西地区位于中国西北干旱区，年降水量36～180 mm，年蒸发量1 500～3 360 mm，属于典型的温带大陆性荒漠气候。因此，使用地膜覆盖可以减少水分蒸发，有效缓解植物对水分的需求，进而降低种植成本。Liu等[1]研究表明全覆膜、半覆膜2种方式可以改善土壤有机质矿化，显著提高根生物量和作物产量，但半覆膜效果不如全覆膜。董孔军等[2]研究发现不同的地膜覆盖方式对谷子生长产生的作用不同，全膜双垄沟播、垄膜覆盖沟播、全膜平铺沟播、全膜平铺穴播种植方式明显提高了谷子长势。陈亮等[3]利用地膜覆盖栽培辣椒，研究发现起垄覆盖双层地膜能有效促进辣椒植株生长、增加产量。……