黄美华 钟春燕 孟醒 王茂辉 聂金泉 曹先维 张新明

摘要 探究广东省肇庆地区单施有机肥、有机肥与芭田复合肥混施及常规施肥对冬作马铃薯产量、经济效益、氮磷钾含量及品质指标的影响。结果表明，单施有机肥处理干物质与淀粉含量较高，有机肥与化肥混施处理粗蛋白与VC含量较高。单施有机肥的条件下，随着有机肥施用量的增加，产量、经济效益、干物质含量及淀粉含量先增后降。常规施肥块茎氮含量较高，磷钾含量较低。有机肥与芭田复合肥混施处理产量、经济效益最高，块茎氮磷钾含量较高，故推荐肇庆地区冬作马铃薯较适合的肥料种类及用量是有机肥9 000 kg/hm2，芭田肥料1 500 kg/hm2。

关键词 冬作马铃薯;有机肥;常规施肥;混施;肇庆

中图分类号 S532 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0159-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.042

Abstract To discuss the effects of single application of organic fertilizer， mixed application of organic fertilizer and Batian complex fertilizer and conventional fertilization on the yield， economic benefit， N， P and K content and quality indicators for winter-planting potato in Zhaoqing of Guangdong Province. The results showed that the content of dry matter and starch was higher in the single application of organic fertilizer， and the content of crude protein and VC was higher in the mixed application of organic fertilizer and complex fertilizer. Under the condition of single application of organic fertilizer， the yield， economic benefit， dry matter content and starch content increased first and then decreased， whereas the organic fertilizer application rate increased.The potato tubers had higher N content and lower P and K content for conventional fertilization. The mixed application of organic fertilizer and Batian complex fertilizer had the highest yield and economic benefit，the yield and economic benefit was the highest for the mixed application of organic fertilizer and Batian complex fertilizer， and the N， P and K content of potato tuber was higher.Therefore， it was recommended that the suitable types and dosage of fertilizer for winter-planting potato in Zhaoqing： organic fertilizer 9 000 kg/hm2， Batian complex fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm2.

Key words Winter-planting potato;Organic fertilizer;Conventional fertilization;Mixture of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer;Zhaoqing

肥料是作物的“粮食”，在农业生产中发挥着不可代替的作用。由于化肥具有施用方便、肥效快、增产效果明显等优点，在所有肥料中占有至关重要的地位。我国是最大的化肥生产国和消费国，约占世界化肥消费总量的34%[1]。近年来，过量施用化肥的现象越来越严重，且偏施氮肥，利用率低。随着我国集约化农业的发展，在马铃薯生产过程中存在化肥过量使用、有机肥使用比例过低等现象[2]，导致土壤板结，矿物质营养比例失衡，严重影响根系活性，削弱农作物抗病虫害的能力。马铃薯南方冬作区主要采用稻-稻-薯一年三熟种植模式，农田利用强度高，要更加注重土壤生态系统养护。

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