刘冰雁 王亮 杨林先 佟新莹 朴哲虎 李雄

摘要 筛选出适合苹果梨喷施的叶面肥，为苹果梨高产优质栽培奠定基础。通过设计叶面肥配方，在生长期喷施，研究8个叶面肥配方对苹果梨叶片百叶重、叶绿素含量、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明，8个叶面肥处理后叶片百叶重、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量均比对照高;叶面肥处理均增加了单株产量;喷施叶面肥后，果实硬度有所降低;果实可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量有所增加;对可滴定酸含量影响不大，大部分处理提高了果实糖酸比和果实中维生素C含量;综合效果以配方③（磷酸二氢钾0.3%，硫酸镁0.2%，硫酸铜0.02%，EDTA-Fe 0.02%，硫酸锰0.05%，硫酸锌0.10%，硼砂0.15%）最好。

关键词 苹果梨;叶面肥配方;叶绿素;品质

中图分类号 S628 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0156-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.041

Abstract The suitable leaf fertilizer of Pingguoli was studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Pingguoli.By designing the leaf fertilizer formula and spraying it in the growing period， the effects of 8 leaf fertilizer formulas on leaf weight， chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b， total chlorophyll content， yield and fruit quality of Pingguoli were studied.The results showed that the leaf weight， chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b， and total chlorophyll contents after 8 foliar fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the control;foliar fertilizer treatments increased the yield per plant;spraying foliar fertilizer reduced fruit firmness， increased soluble solids content， and increased soluble sugar content.The effect on titratable acid content was not obvious.Most treatments increased the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content;the comprehensive effect was the best with formula ③.

Key words Pingguoli;Leaf fertilizer formula;Chlorophyll;Quality

苹果梨是1921年从朝鲜咸镜南道带回的接穗，嫁接在山梨上，至今已有近百年的栽培历史，全国各地苹果梨都发源于此。2002年12月9日，“延边苹果梨”经原国家质检总局批准，实施原产地域产品保护。苹果梨是吉林省主栽梨品种，主要分布在吉林省延边地区。

植物可以通过叶面施肥补充营养成分，以补充根系对养分吸收的不足。叶面施肥具有针对性强、快速吸收、效果明显、减少环境污染、施用方便的优点[1]，尤其是目前，劳动力缺乏，喷施叶面肥相对省工、高效。果树喷施叶面肥是在果树生长期施肥的一种方式，能有效地补充土壤肥料供应不足的营养成分，特别是遇到干旱年份，土壤施肥很难起到效果，叶面施肥能使植株快速补充营养元素，从而增加果实产量，改善果品品质[2-6]。……