陆国勇 屈杰 王守旗 明卫强 段莹 高飞 刘光伟

摘要 通过大田试验，在云南省腾冲市曲石镇研究了不同土壤改良剂处理对烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明，正常施肥情况下，施用腐熟农家肥和油菜秆粉能有效促进烟株生长，显著降低烟田常见病害的发病率，能改善烟叶品质，提高上等烟比例和均价，增加经济效益。施用熟石灰和沸石的烟株农艺性状较好。建议在施用适量基础上，大田理墒时条施粉碎油菜秆4 500 kg/hm2，可以改良植烟土壤，抑制病原菌的生长，改善烟叶品质，提高上等烟比例和均价，降低生产成本，增加烟农经济效益，达到优质适产的目的;在大田移栽时增施7 500 kg/hm2腐熟农家肥、减少化肥施用量可以提高烟株抗病性，改善烟叶品质，提高烟叶质量。

关键词 土壤改良剂;烤烟;生长发育;产量;质量

中图分类号 S156.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0032-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.008

Abstract Effects of different soil modifiers on growth， yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco were studied with field experiment in Qushi Town， Tengchong City， Yunnan Province. Results showed that under normal fertilization， applying the composting manure and rape rod powder could effectively promote the growth of tobacco plant， and showed significant effects on reducing the incidence of tobacco fields of common diseases. It also could improve the quality of tobacco leaves， increase the proportion of superior tobacco and average price， and enhance economic benefit. In addition， application of hydrated lime and zeolite could obtain better agronomic traits of tobacco plant. It was suggested that based on the proper normal fertilizer， banding crushed rapeseed rod 4 500 kg/hm2 could improve tobacco planting soils， inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria， improve the quality of tobacco leaves， enhance the proportion of first-class tobacco and average price， reduce production costs， enhance the economic efficiency of tobacco farmers， and achieve the goal of optimal production quality. Adding 7 500 kg/hm2 composting manure in the field transplanting and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer could improve tobacco plant disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words Soil modifiers;Flue-cured tobacco;Growth and development;Yield;Quality

土壤在一定程度上決定了烟叶质量的特点，影响了烤烟化学成分的变化。烟草的产量、化学成分、评吸质量及烟叶的工业可用性与土壤的类型及土壤的理化性质密切相关[1]。当前，我国植烟土壤长期片面重视化学肥料，致使土壤有机质含量锐减，土壤理化性质恶化，尤其是团聚体数量和质量下降，土壤通气状况退化。此外，人均耕地面积较少，轮作倒茬较困难，导致烤烟连作现象较严重。晋艳等[2]研究发现，随着连作年限的增加，烟叶产质量呈下降趋势，总糖、还原糖、钾含量也随着下降，烟碱含量上升，烟叶质量明显下降。……