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地黄资源化学研究进展

2021-06-22田梦平杜权谢小龙吴廷娟冯卫生

安徽农业科学 2021年9期

田梦平 杜权 谢小龙 吴廷娟 冯卫生

摘要 化学成分是药用植物资源开发和可持续利用的物质基础,药用植物资源化学的质和量是动态的。同一物种化学成分的质和量受种质、时间、空间的动态变化,以及其他生物和非生物因子及加工方法等因素的影响。地黄在我国用药历史悠久,疗效好、临床用量大,是我国的大宗药材。对地黄化学成分进行动态研究,不仅有利于生产安全、稳定、优质、可靠的中药材,亦有利于对地黄资源的进一步开发和利用。从资源化学的角度出发,对地黄种质、产地、加工炮制及组织部位的化学成分组成和含量变化进行综述,为地黄种质资源的系统性评价提供理论基础,也为地黄质量保证和资源的开发利用提供一定的科学支撑。

关键词 地黄;资源化学;种质;产地;加工炮制;化学成分

中图分类号 R284 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)09-0022-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.005

Abstract The chemical composition is the material basis for the development and sustainable use of medicinal plant resources. The quality and quantity of medicinal plant resources are dynamic. The quality and quantity of the chemical composition of the same species are affected by the dynamic changes of germplasm, time and space, as well as other biological and abiotic factors and processing methods. Rehmanniae radix has a long history of medicine use in China, with good curative effect and large clinical dosage, and it is a bulk medicinal material in China. The dynamic research on the chemical composition of Rehmanniae radix is not only conducive to the production of safe, stable, high-quality and reliable Chinese medicinal materials, but also conducive to the further development and utilization of Rehmannia radix resources. From the perspective of resource chemistry, this paper summarized the chemical composition and content changes of Rehmannia glutinosa germplasm, origin, processing and tissue parts, and provided a theoretical basis for the systematic evaluation of Rehmannia glutinosa germplasm resources, and also provided a certain scientific support for the quality assurance and resource development and utilization of Rehmannia radix.

Key words Rehmanniae radix;Resource chemistry;Germplasm;Origin;Processing;Chemical composition

地黃为玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)地黄属植物地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)新鲜或干燥的块根,始载于《神农本草经》,被列为上品。地黄以栽培品入药,主产于河南、山东、山西、陕西等地,并以河南的武陟、温县、孟县、博爱、沁阳即古怀庆府为地黄的道地产区[1-2]。地黄栽培历史悠久,迄今为止,培育的地黄品种已有60多个[2]。根据加工炮制不同,地黄分为鲜地黄、生地黄、熟地黄3种炮制品[3]。现代研究表明,地黄中含有环烯醚萜苷类、紫罗兰酮类、苯乙醇苷类、糖类及氨基酸类等化学成分,其中环烯醚萜及其苷类、糖类是主要有效成分[4-5]。

化学成分是药用植物资源开发和可持续利用的物质基础,药用植物资源化学的质和量是动态的[6]。……

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