变应性鼻炎淋巴结内免疫治疗的研究进展
2021-06-22汤继元徐博怀余璐洁何勇
汤继元?徐博怀?余璐洁?何勇
【摘要】在变应性鼻炎(AR)的所有治疗方法中,特异性免疫治疗(SIT)是唯一可以通过免疫调节机制改变AR自然进程的疗法,临床常用的有皮下SIT和舌下SIT,近年来新兴的淋巴结内免疫治疗(ILIT)是将变应原制剂直接注射到淋巴结内,能在短期内明显改善患者的临床症状,提高患者的生活质量。和传统的皮下及舌下免疫治疗相比,ILIT具有治疗时间短、药物剂量少、医疗费用低等优点。作为AR患者SIT的新选择,越来越多的学者对ILIT进行了广泛的研究,该文就近年来ILIT的研究进展作一综述。
【关键词】淋巴结;特异性;免疫治疗;变应性鼻炎;变应原
Research progress on intralymphatic immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis Tang Jiyuan, Xu Bohuai, Yu Lujie, He Yong. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Seventh Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
Corresponding author, He Yong, E-mail: nbhy195@ sina. com
【Abstract】Among all therapeutic methods for allergic rhinitis (AR), specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only therapy which can change the natural course of AR through the mechanism of immune regulation. Subcutaneous and sublingual SIT are commonly employed in clinical practice. In recent years, the emerging intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) by direct administration of the allergen preparations into the lymph nodes can significantly mitigate clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients in a short period of time. Compared with traditional subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy, ILIT has multiple advantages of shorter treatment time, lower drug dosage and less medical expense. As a novel alternative of SIT for AR patients, more and more scholars have conducted extensive research on ILIT. In this article, research progress on ILIT in recent years was reviewed.
【Key words】Lymph node;Specificity;Immunotherapy;Allergic rhinitis;Allergen
目前特异性免疫治疗(SIT)已成为变应性鼻炎(AR)的一线治疗方案,传统的皮下SIT(SCIT)和舌下SIT(SLIT)疗程多在3 ~ 5年,需
定期皮下注射或每日口服药物,患者依从性差,部分患者无法坚持整个疗程,影响治疗效果[1]。近年来新兴的淋巴结内免疫治疗(ILIT)直接将变应原免疫制剂注射到外周淋巴结,所需药物剂量小、疗程短、见效快、操作简单,成为AR治疗方案中的重要补充。本文就近年来ILIT的研究进展作一综述。
一、ILIT的作用机制和基础研究
淋巴结是免疫应答的主要场所,淋巴细胞发育的早期随机重排,生成的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞带有多种受体,这允许几乎所有可能的抗原的特异性识别,但是问题在于,只有10-6的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞对抗原具有特异性,因此必须将抗原呈递给数百万个T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞以引起应答,抗原需被排入次级淋巴器官,在那里它们可以被呈递给大量的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞,只有排入淋巴结或在淋巴结中转移的抗原才会引发免疫反应。……
