张玲华

摘 要 目的：對上海市静安区彭浦新村街道中老年人的健康应急卡使用现状及需求情况进行调研，为推广健康应急卡、完善社区院前急救体系提供参考。方法：于2018年7—8月采用随机数表法抽取上海市静安区彭浦新村街道10家居委老年活动室中的144名中老年人作为研究对象，共发放问卷170份，回收有效问卷144份，问卷有效回收率为84.7%。结果：社区中老年人常见疾病急救知识中，知晓率最高的为脑卒中（22.9%）和冠心病（22.9%），知晓率最低的为癫痫（17.4%）。不同年龄和文化程度的社区中老年人常见疾病急救知识得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，社区中老年人的常见疾病急救知识得分与年龄呈负相关关系（r=-0.205，P<0.05），与文化程度呈正相关关系（r=0.244，P<0.05）。结论：社区中老年人的健康应急卡知晓和使用率均较低，许多中老年人对它的必要性认识不足。设计出系统、规范的健康应急卡并进行推广有助于救治人员快速获取患者信息，及时有效地采取措施，提升抢救成功率。

关键词 社区；中老年人；健康应急卡

中图分类号：R161.7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）10-0007-04

Investigation and research of the use and demand of the health emergency card in the middle-aged and elderly in the community

ZHANG Linghua

（School of Nursing & Health Management， Shanghai University of Health & Medicine， Shanghai 201318， China）

ABSTRACTS Objective： To investigate the present situation and demand of health emergency cards for middle-aged and elderly people in Pengpuxincun Community， Jingan District， Shanghai to provide reference for the promotion of health emergency cards and the improvement of community pre-hospital emergency care system. Methods： From July to August 2018， the random number table method was adopted to select 144 middle-aged and elderly people from 10 elderly activity rooms of the ResidentsCommittee in Pengpuxincun Community， Jingan District， Shanghai as the research objects， a total of 170 questionnaires were distributed， 144 effective questionnaires were recovered， and the effective recovery rate of questionnaires was 84.7%. Results： Among the knowledge of first aid for common diseases among the middle-aged and elderly in the community， the highest awareness rate was stroke（22.9%） and coronary heart disease（22.9%）， and the lowest awareness rate was epileps（17.4%）. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of first-aid knowledge of common diseases among the middle-aged and elderly people of different ages and educational levels in the community（P<0.05）. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the scores of first-aid knowledge of common diseases and age of the middleaged and elderly in the community（r=-0.205， P<0.05）； there was a positive correlation with educational level（r=0.244， P<0.05）. Conclusion： The awareness and utilization of the health emergency card among the middle-aged and elderly in the community is low， and many of them have insufficient awareness of its necessity. Designing a systematic and standardized health emergency card and promoting it can help the medical personnel to obtain the patient information quickly to take timely and effective measures， and improve the success rate of rescue.

KEY WORDS community； elderly people； health emergency card

2014年10月，原国家卫生和计划生育委员会正式发布了20条老年健康核心信息，涵盖了影响老年人健康的主要因素，其中第19条明确指出，老年人外出应随身携带健康应急卡[1]。我国人口老龄化加速，45岁及以上中老年人群的慢性病患病率是其他年龄组的2～3倍，且多病共存的现象较为严重[2]。2015年对我国9个省市17 796名45岁以上中老年人的调查结果显示，至少罹患1种慢性病的人数为12 245名（68.8%），同时罹患2种及以上慢性病的人数为7 321名（41.1%）[3]。近年来，国内外相关指南推荐为某一病种（如糖尿病、肾上腺危象、冠心病等）制作并发放健康应急卡[4-6]，但缺乏针对社区中老年人的实际应用研宄，健康应急卡也并未大规模投入使用[7-8]。设计系统、规范的健康应急卡并进行推广有利于救治人员快速获取患者相关信息，及时有效地采取措施，提升抢救成功率。……